Die RichterzeitSelf-proclaimed kingWarriorTyrantc. 1170–1147 BC (reign: c. 1150–1147 BC)
Abimelech was a son of Gideon (Jerubbaal), born to his concubine from Shechem. Driven by ambition for power after his father's death, he obtained seventy silver shekels from the temple of Baal-Berith and hired ruthless men to massacre his half-brothers in Ophrah. Sixty-nine of Gideon’s seventy sons were killed on a single stone—only the youngest, Jotham, survived, and from Mount Gerizim he proclaimed a prophetic parable about trees choosing a thornbush as king, a warning of mutual destruction. After being declared king at the oak tree in Shechem, Abimelech ruled for three years until God sent an evil spirit between him and the city’s inhabitants. He crushed the ensuing rebellion with ruthless brutality: Shechem was razed to the ground and sown with salt, and about a thousand people died when he set fire to the fortress temple of El-Berith. During the siege of Thebez, he was mortally wounded by a millstone thrown by a woman from a tower. To avoid shame, he ordered his armor-bearer to run him through with a sword. The story serves as a powerful warning that power rooted in violence and deceit carries within it its own downfall, and that God’s righteous judgment overtakes those who seize authority through illegitimate means.
Abimelech persuades his mother's relatives in Shechem to support him as ruler instead of Gideon's other seventy sons. He receives seventy silver shekels from the temple of Baal-Berith and hires reckless and wild men who follow him.
2"Ask all the leaders of Shechem this: Which is better for you—that seventy men, all the sons of Jerubbaal, rule over you, or that one man rule over you? Remember, I am your own flesh and blood."
3When his mother's brothers repeated all this on his behalf to all the leaders of Shechem, their hearts inclined toward Abimelech, for they said, "He is our brother."
Abimelech had his half-brothers—sixty-nine of Gideon's seventy sons—killed on one stone in Ophrah, his father's hometown. The youngest, Jotham, escaped by hiding. Afterwards, Abimelech was proclaimed king by the oak of the pillar at Shechem.
5He went to his father's house at Ophrah and murdered his brothers, the seventy sons of Jerubbaal, on a single stone. Only Jotham, the youngest son of Jerubbaal, survived, because he hid himself.
Jotham stood atop Mount Gerizim and shouted a prophetic fable about trees that chose a worthless thornbush as their king. He declared that mutual destruction would befall Abimelech and the citizens of Shechem as punishment for their wicked deeds against Gideon's house.
7When Jotham was told of it, he went and stood on the top of Mount Gerizim, raised his voice, and called out to them: "Listen to me, you leaders of Shechem, that God may listen to you!
15And the thornbush said to the trees, 'If you are truly anointing me king over you, then come and take refuge in my shade; but if not, let fire come out of the thornbush and devour the cedars of Lebanon.'
16Now then, if you have acted in good faith and with integrity in making Abimelech king, if you have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house and treated him as his deeds deserved—
18but today you have risen against my father's house, murdered his sons, seventy men, on a single stone, and made Abimelech, the son of his slave woman, king over the leaders of Shechem because he is your brother—
19if, then, you have acted in good faith and with integrity toward Jerubbaal and his house this day, may you rejoice in Abimelech, and may he rejoice in you too.
20But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech and devour the leaders of Shechem and Beth-millo, and let fire come out from the leaders of Shechem and from Beth-millo and devour Abimelech."
After three years of rule, God sent a spirit of discord between Abimelech and the citizens of Shechem. They turned against him under the leadership of Gaal son of Ebed, who challenged Abimelech's right to rule.
24This happened so that the violence done to the seventy sons of Jerubbaal might be avenged, and their blood laid on their brother Abimelech, who had killed them, and on the leaders of Shechem, who had strengthened his hands to murder his brothers.
25The leaders of Shechem set men in ambush against him on the mountaintops, and they robbed everyone who passed by them on the road. And Abimelech was told of it.
27They went out into the fields, gathered the grapes from their vineyards, trod them, and held a festival. Then they entered the temple of their god, ate and drank, and cursed Abimelech.
28And Gaal son of Ebed said, "Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him? Is he not the son of Jerubbaal, with Zebul as his deputy? Serve the men of Hamor, the father of Shechem! Why should we serve him?
Abimelech crushed the rebellion with cunning and military force. He captured the city, killed its inhabitants, demolished Shechem, and scattered salt over it. Then he set fire to the tower of the temple of El-Berith, where about a thousand men and women had taken refuge, and all perished.
43He took his men, divided them into three companies, and lay in wait in the fields. When he saw the people coming out of the city, he rose against them and struck them down.
44Abimelech and the company with him rushed forward and took their stand at the entrance of the city gate, while the other two companies charged all who were in the fields and struck them down.
48So Abimelech went up Mount Zalmon with all his men. He took an axe in his hand, cut off a branch from the trees, lifted it, and laid it on his shoulder. Then he said to the men with him, "Hurry and do what you have seen me do!"
49So each of them cut a branch too and followed Abimelech. They piled the branches against the stronghold and set it on fire over those inside, so that all the people of the Tower of Shechem died as well—about a thousand men and women.
During the siege of Thebez, a woman dropped an upper millstone from the tower, crushing Abimelech's skull. To avoid the shame of being killed by a woman, he ordered his armor-bearer to run him through with his sword. Thus Jotham's curse was fulfilled, and God repaid the wickedness that Abimelech had done against his father's house.
51But there was a strong tower inside the city, and all the men and women, all the leading citizens, fled to it. They shut themselves in and went up on the roof of the tower.
54He quickly called his young armor-bearer and said to him, "Draw your sword and kill me, so they cannot say of me, 'A woman killed him.'" So the young man ran him through, and he died.