Basemath

Also daughter and wife of Esau

PatriarkatMatriarchc. 1900 BC

Basemath (also known as Bashemath) was a daughter of Ishmael and wife of Esau, son of Isaac. She is mentioned in the genealogies in Genesis as one of Esau's Canaanite and Ishmaelite wives, and became the mother of Reuel. Her marriage represented a connection between the family lines of Esau and Ishmael.

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Avaintapahtumat

Esau Takes Bashemath as Wife

Esau saw that his Canaanite wives displeased his father Isaac, so he took Bashemath (Basmat), the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebajoth, as a wife.

8Esau then realized how displeasing the daughters of Canaan were to his father Isaac,
וַיַּ֣רְא עֵשָׂ֔ו כִּ֥י רָע֖וֹת בְּנ֣וֹת כְּנָ֑עַן בְּעֵינֵ֖י יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִֽיו׃ ‬
9so he went to Ishmael and, in addition to the wives he had, married Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son, the sister of Nebaioth.
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵ֑אל וַיִּקַּ֡ח אֶֽת־מָחֲלַ֣ת ׀ בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֲח֧וֹת נְבָי֛וֹת עַל־נָשָׁ֖יו ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס ‬
3and Basemath daughter of Ishmael, the sister of Nebaioth.
וְאֶת־בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל אֲח֥וֹת נְבָיֽוֹת׃ ‬

Mother of Reuel

Bashemath bore Reuel to Esau, and through him she became an ancestress of several Edomite clans.

4Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel.
וַתֵּ֧לֶד עָדָ֛ה לְעֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־אֱלִיפָ֑ז וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־רְעוּאֵֽל׃ ‬
10These are the names of Esau's sons: Eliphaz, son of Esau's wife Adah; Reuel, son of Esau's wife Basemath.
אֵ֖לֶּה שְׁמ֣וֹת בְּנֵֽי־עֵשָׂ֑ו אֱלִיפַ֗ז בֶּן־עָדָה֙ אֵ֣שֶׁת עֵשָׂ֔ו רְעוּאֵ֕ל בֶּן־בָּשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ ‬

Reuel's Sons and Edomite Chiefs

Through her son Reuel, Bashemath became the matriarch of Nahat, Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah, who became chiefs in the land of Edom.

13These were the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Esau's wife Basemath.
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְעוּאֵ֔ל נַ֥חַת וָזֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֣ה וּמִזָּ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה הָי֔וּ בְּנֵ֥י בָשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ ‬
17These were the sons of Esau's son Reuel: Chief Nahath, Chief Zerah, Chief Shammah, Chief Mizzah. These were the chiefs descended from Reuel in the land of Edom; they were the descendants of Esau's wife Basemath.
וְאֵ֗לֶּה בְּנֵ֤י רְעוּאֵל֙ בֶּן־עֵשָׂ֔ו אַלּ֥וּף נַ֙חַת֙ אַלּ֣וּף זֶ֔רַח אַלּ֥וּף שַׁמָּ֖ה אַלּ֣וּף מִזָּ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֤י רְעוּאֵל֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ אֱד֔וֹם אֵ֕לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י בָשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃ ‬

The Genealogy of Esau in Edom

Bashemath is mentioned in the extensive genealogy of Esau's descendants who settled in the Seir mountains and founded the people of Edom.

1This is the family history of Esau, that is, Edom.
וְאֵ֛לֶּה תֹּלְד֥וֹת עֵשָׂ֖ו ה֥וּא אֱדֽוֹם׃ ‬
2Esau took his wives from the daughters of Canaan: Adah daughter of Elon the Hittite, and Oholibamah daughter of Anah, granddaughter of Zibeon the Hivite,[^1] [^1]: The Hebrew reads "daughter of Zibeon"; according to verses 24–25 Zibeon was Anah's father, so "granddaughter" is intended.
עֵשָׂ֛ו לָקַ֥ח אֶת־נָשָׁ֖יו מִבְּנ֣וֹת כְּנָ֑עַן אֶת־עָדָ֗ה בַּת־אֵילוֹן֙ הַֽחִתִּ֔י וְאֶת־אָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ בַּת־עֲנָ֔ה בַּת־צִבְע֖וֹן הֽ͏ַחִוִּֽי׃ ‬
3and Basemath daughter of Ishmael, the sister of Nebaioth.
וְאֶת־בָּשְׂמַ֥ת בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֖אל אֲח֥וֹת נְבָיֽוֹת׃ ‬
4Adah bore Eliphaz to Esau, and Basemath bore Reuel.
וַתֵּ֧לֶד עָדָ֛ה לְעֵשָׂ֖ו אֶת־אֱלִיפָ֑ז וּבָ֣שְׂמַ֔ת יָלְדָ֖ה אֶת־רְעוּאֵֽל׃ ‬
5Oholibamah bore Jeush, Jalam, and Korah. These were the sons of Esau, born to him in the land of Canaan.
וְאָהֳלִֽיבָמָה֙ יָֽלְדָ֔ה אֶת־*יעיש **יְע֥וּשׁ וְאֶת־יַעְלָ֖ם וְאֶת־קֹ֑רַח אֵ֚לֶּה בְּנֵ֣י עֵשָׂ֔ו אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלְּדוּ־ל֖וֹ בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כְּנָֽעַן׃ ‬

The Connection between Esau and Ishmael

The marriage between Esau and Bashemath, Ishmael's daughter, created an important family connection between two branches of Abraham's family that were both outside the covenant line through Isaac and Jacob.

6Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him to Paddan-aram to take a wife from there, and that when he blessed him he charged him, "Do not take a wife from the daughters of Canaan,"
וַיַּ֣רְא עֵשָׂ֗ו כִּֽי־בֵרַ֣ךְ יִצְחָק֮ אֶֽת־יַעֲקֹב֒ וְשִׁלַּ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ פַּדֶּ֣נָֽה אֲרָ֔ם לָקַֽחַת־ל֥וֹ מִשָּׁ֖ם אִשָּׁ֑ה בְּבָרֲכ֣וֹ אֹת֔וֹ וַיְצַ֤ו עָלָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־תִקַּ֥ח אִשָּׁ֖ה מִבְּנ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ ‬
7and that Jacob had obeyed his father and mother and gone to Paddan-aram.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֣ע יַעֲקֹ֔ב אֶל־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶל־אִמּ֑וֹ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ פַּדֶּֽ‪[m]‬נָֽה אֲרָֽם׃ ‬
8Esau then realized how displeasing the daughters of Canaan were to his father Isaac,
וַיַּ֣רְא עֵשָׂ֔ו כִּ֥י רָע֖וֹת בְּנ֣וֹת כְּנָ֑עַן בְּעֵינֵ֖י יִצְחָ֥ק אָבִֽיו׃ ‬
9so he went to Ishmael and, in addition to the wives he had, married Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham's son, the sister of Nebaioth.
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ עֵשָׂ֖ו אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵ֑אל וַיִּקַּ֡ח אֶֽת־מָחֲלַ֣ת ׀ בַּת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֨אל בֶּן־אַבְרָהָ֜ם אֲח֧וֹת נְבָי֛וֹת עַל־נָשָׁ֖יו ל֥וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ ס ‬

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