Bishlam
Persian official in Samaria
Även känd som: Bishlam
Bishlam was one of the Persian officials or settlers in Samaria who wrote a letter of complaint to King Artaxerxes of Persia to stop the rebuilding of Jerusalem. He is mentioned only once in the Bible, in Ezra 4:7, as one of the co-authors of the letter. His actions represent the opposition the Jews faced when they returned from exile to rebuild their city and temple.
Nyckelhändelser
Letter of Complaint to King Artaxerxes
Bishlam, together with Mithredath, Tabeel and other associates, wrote a letter to the Persian king Artaxerxes complaining about the Jews' rebuilding of Jerusalem.
7And in the days of Artaxerxes, Bishlam, Mithredath, Tabeel, and the rest of their associates wrote to Artaxerxes king of Persia. The letter was written in Aramaic script and set out in the Aramaic language.
וּבִימֵ֣י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֗שְׂתָּא כָּתַ֨ב בִּשְׁלָ֜ם מִתְרְדָ֤ת טָֽבְאֵל֙ וּשְׁאָ֣ר *כנותו **כְּנָוֺתָ֔יו עַל־*ארתחששתא **אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרָ֑ס וּכְתָב֙ הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן כָּת֥וּב אֲרָמִ֖ית וּמְתֻרְגָּ֥ם אֲרָמִֽית׃ פ
The Accusations Against Jerusalem
The letter claimed that Jerusalem had historically been a rebellious and wicked city, and that its rebuilding would lead the Jews to stop paying taxes and tribute to the Persian Empire.
12Let it be known to the king that the Jews who came up from you to us have arrived at Jerusalem. They are rebuilding that rebellious and wicked city; they are finishing its walls and repairing its foundations.
יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א *ובאישתא **וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙ בָּנַ֔יִן *ושורי **וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א *אשכללו **שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃
13Now let it be known to the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls are finished, they will pay no tribute, tax, or toll, and the royal revenue will suffer.
כְּעַ֗ן יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן מִנְדָּֽה־בְל֤וֹ וַהֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן וְאַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃
14Now because we eat the salt of the palace, and it is not right for us to watch the king be dishonored, we send this word to inform the king,
כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲֽרִֽיךְ[c] לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃
15so that a search may be made in the record books of your fathers. In those records you will find and learn that this city is a rebellious city, harmful to kings and provinces, and that from ancient times revolt has been stirred up within it. That is why this city was laid waste.
דִּ֡י יְבַקַּר֩ בִּֽסְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗ךְ וּ֠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּא֮ וְתִנְדַּע֒ דִּי֩ קִרְיְתָ֨א דָ֜ךְ קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א וּֽמְהַנְזְקַ֤ת מַלְכִין֙ וּמְדִנָ֔ן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ עָבְדִ֣ין בְּגַוַּ֔הּ מִן־יוֹמָ֖ת עָלְמָ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה קִרְיְתָ֥א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת׃
16We inform the king that if this city is rebuilt and its walls are finished, you will no longer have any holding in the province Beyond the River.
מְהוֹדְעִ֤ין אֲנַ֙חְנָה֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן לָקֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֔ה חֲלָק֙ בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔א לָ֥א אִיתַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ פ
The King's Response and Work Stopped
As a result of the letter, King Artaxerxes investigated the matter and ordered that the rebuilding of Jerusalem be halted by force, which was a temporary victory for the opponents.
17The king sent this reply: To Rehum the commanding officer, Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their associates who live in Samaria and in the rest of the province Beyond the River: Greetings. And now:
פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל־רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת׃ ס
18The letter you sent us has been read out clearly in my presence.
נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃
19I gave the order, and a search was made, and it was found that this city has risen against kings from ancient times, and that rebellion and revolt have been carried on in it.
וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ וּבַקַּ֣רוּ וְהַשְׁכַּ֔חוּ דִּ֚י קִרְיְתָ֣א דָ֔ךְ מִן־יוֹמָת֙ עֽ͏ָלְמָ֔א עַל־מַלְכִ֖ין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָ֑ה וּמְרַ֥ד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּ֖וּר מִתְעֲבֶד־בַּֽהּ׃
20Mighty kings have ruled in Jerusalem and governed the whole province Beyond the River, and tribute, tax, and toll were paid to them.
וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין הֲווֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ וַהֲלָ֖ךְ מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן׃
21Now give the order to make these men stop, so that this city is not rebuilt until I issue a further decree.
כְּעַן֙ שִׂ֣ימוּ טְּעֵ֔ם לְבַטָּלָ֖א גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֑ךְ וְקִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ לָ֣א תִתְבְּנֵ֔א עַד־מִנִּ֖י טַעְמָ֥א יִתְּשָֽׂם׃
22See that you are not negligent in this matter. Why should the damage grow and the kings be harmed?
וּזְהִירִ֥ין הֱו֛וֹ שָׁל֖וּ לְמֶעְבַּ֣ד עַל־דְּנָ֑ה לְמָה֙ יִשְׂגֵּ֣א חֲבָלָ֔א לְהַנְזָקַ֖ת מַלְכִֽין׃ ס
23As soon as the copy of the letter of King Artaxerxes was read before Rehum, Shimshai the scribe, and their associates, they hurried to the Jews in Jerusalem and forced them to stop by force of arms.
אֱדַ֗יִן מִן־דִּ֞י פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ דִּ֚י *ארתחששתא **אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ מַלְכָּ֔א קֱרִ֧י קֳדָם־רְח֛וּם וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י סָפְרָ֖א וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן אֲזַ֨לוּ בִבְהִיל֤וּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א וּבַטִּ֥לוּ הִמּ֖וֹ בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע וְחָֽיִל׃ ס
Opposition to God's People
Bishlam's actions were part of broader opposition exerted by the people of Samaria and Persian officials against the return and rebuilding of the Jewish people, an opposition that had already begun during the reign of Cyrus.
1When the enemies of Judah and Benjamin heard that the returned exiles were building a temple for the LORD, the God of Israel,
וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֔וּ צָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וּבִנְיָמִ֑ן כִּֽי־בְנֵ֤י הַגּוֹלָה֙ בּוֹנִ֣ים הֵיכָ֔ל לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
2they approached Zerubbabel and the heads of the families and said to them, "Let us build with you, for we seek your God as you do, and we have been sacrificing to him ever since the days of Esarhaddon king of Assyria, who brought us here."
וַיִּגְּשׁ֨וּ אֶל־זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל וְאֶל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הֽ͏ָאָב֗וֹת וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נִבְנֶ֣ה עִמָּכֶ֔ם כִּ֣י כָכֶ֔ם נִדְר֖וֹשׁ לֽ͏ֵאלֹהֵיכֶ֑ם *ולא **וְל֣וֹ ׀ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ זֹבְחִ֗ים מִימֵי֙ אֵסַ֤ר חַדֹּן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר הַמַּעֲלֶ֥ה אֹתָ֖נוּ פֹּֽה׃
3But Zerubbabel, Jeshua, and the rest of the heads of Israel's families answered them, "You have nothing to do with us in building a house for our God. We ourselves will build for the LORD, the God of Israel, just as King Cyrus, king of Persia, commanded us."
וַיֹּאמֶר֩ לָהֶ֨ם זְרֻבָּבֶ֜ל וְיֵשׁ֗וּעַ וּשְׁאָ֨ר רָאשֵׁ֤י הָֽאָבוֹת֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹֽא־לָכֶ֣ם וָלָ֔נוּ לִבְנ֥וֹת בַּ֖יִת לֵאלֹהֵ֑ינוּ כִּי֩ אֲנַ֨חְנוּ יַ֜חַד נִבְנֶ֗ה לַֽיהוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוָּ֔נוּ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ כּ֥וֹרֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃
4Then the people of the land kept weakening the hands of the people of Judah and making them afraid to build.
וַיְהִי֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה *ומבלהים **וּֽמְבַהֲלִ֥ים אוֹתָ֖ם לִבְנֽוֹת׃
5They bribed officials to work against them and frustrate their plans throughout the reign of Cyrus king of Persia and on into the reign of Darius king of Persia.
וְסֹכְרִ֧ים עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹעֲצִ֖ים לְהָפֵ֣ר עֲצָתָ֑ם כָּל־יְמֵ֗י כּ֚וֹרֶשׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס וְעַד־מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃