Gamaliel

The Wise Pharisee and Teacher of the Law

Även känd som: Gamaliel

Den tidiga kyrkanWise manLeaderc. 10 BC – c. AD 70

Gamaliel was a highly respected Pharisee and teacher of the law in the Sanhedrin, known as 'Gamaliel the Elder'. He was the grandson of the famous Rabbi Hillel and was the teacher of the apostle Paul. He is best known for his wise counsel in Acts to let the Christians be, arguing that if the movement was from God, it could not be stopped.

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Gamaliel's Advice to the Sanhedrin

When the apostles were brought before the Sanhedrin, Gamaliel stood up and warned against persecuting them. He argued that if the movement was from humans, it would fail on its own, but if it was from God, they could not stop it.

34But a Pharisee named Gamaliel, a teacher of the law who was respected by all the people, stood up in the Council and ordered that the men be taken outside for a little while.
ἀναστὰς δέ τις ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ Φαρισαῖος ὀνόματι Γαμαλιήλ, νομοδιδάσκαλος τίμιος παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, ἐκέλευσεν ἔξω ⸀βραχὺ τοὺς ⸀ἀνθρώπους ποιῆσαι,
35Then he said, "Men of Israel, be careful what you intend to do with these men.
εἶπέν τε πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἄνδρες Ἰσραηλῖται, προσέχετε ἑαυτοῖς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τούτοις τί μέλλετε πράσσειν.
36Some time ago Theudas appeared, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men joined him. He was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing.
πρὸ γὰρ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀνέστη Θευδᾶς, λέγων εἶναί τινα ἑαυτόν, ᾧ ⸀προσεκλίθη ⸂ἀνδρῶν ἀριθμὸς ὡς⸃ τετρακοσίων· ὃς ἀνῃρέθη, καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διελύθησαν καὶ ἐγένοντο εἰς οὐδέν.
37After him Judas the Galilean appeared in the days of the census and drew people after him. He too perished, and all who followed him were scattered.
μετὰ τοῦτον ἀνέστη Ἰούδας ὁ Γαλιλαῖος ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς ἀπογραφῆς καὶ ἀπέστησε ⸀λαὸν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ· κἀκεῖνος ἀπώλετο καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διεσκορπίσθησαν.
38So in this case I tell you: keep away from these men and let them alone. For if this plan or this work is of human origin, it will collapse;
καὶ τὰ νῦν λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀπόστητε ἀπὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων τούτων καὶ ⸀ἄφετε αὐτούς· (ὅτι ἐὰν ᾖ ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ἡ βουλὴ ⸀αὕτη ἢ τὸ ἔργον τοῦτο, καταλυθήσεται,
39but if it is from God, you will not be able to stop them. You may even find yourselves fighting against God." They were persuaded by him,
εἰ δὲ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐστιν, οὐ ⸀δυνήσεσθε καταλῦσαι ⸀αὐτούς·) μήποτε καὶ θεομάχοι εὑρεθῆτε. ἐπείσθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ,

The Apostles Arrested and Brought Before the Council

Peter and the other apostles were arrested and brought before the Sanhedrin because they continued to preach about Jesus, which was the background for Gamaliel's intervention.

27They brought them in and made them stand before the Council, and the high priest questioned them:
Ἀγαγόντες δὲ αὐτοὺς ἔστησαν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ. καὶ ἐπηρώτησεν αὐτοὺς ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς
28"We gave you strict orders not to teach in this name. Yet you have filled Jerusalem with your teaching, and you intend to bring this man's blood upon us."
⸀λέγων· Παραγγελίᾳ παρηγγείλαμεν ὑμῖν μὴ διδάσκειν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τούτῳ, καὶ ἰδοὺ πεπληρώκατε τὴν Ἰερουσαλὴμ τῆς διδαχῆς ὑμῶν, καὶ βούλεσθε ἐπαγαγεῖν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς τὸ αἷμα τοῦ ἀνθρώπου τούτου.
29Peter and the apostles answered, "We must obey God rather than men.
ἀποκριθεὶς δὲ Πέτρος καὶ οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἶπαν· Πειθαρχεῖν δεῖ θεῷ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀνθρώποις.
30The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you killed by hanging him on a tree.
ὁ θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἤγειρεν Ἰησοῦν, ὃν ὑμεῖς διεχειρίσασθε κρεμάσαντες ἐπὶ ξύλου·
31God exalted him to his right hand as Prince and Savior, to grant repentance to Israel and forgiveness of sins.
τοῦτον ὁ θεὸς ἀρχηγὸν καὶ σωτῆρα ὕψωσεν τῇ δεξιᾷ αὐτοῦ, ⸀τοῦ δοῦναι μετάνοιαν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν·
32We are witnesses of these things, and so is the Holy Spirit, whom God has given to those who obey him."
καὶ ἡμεῖς ⸀ἐσμεν μάρτυρες τῶν ῥημάτων τούτων, καὶ τὸ ⸀πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ὃ ἔδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τοῖς πειθαρχοῦσιν αὐτῷ.
33When they heard this, they were furious and wanted to put them to death.
Οἱ δὲ ⸀ἀκούσαντες διεπρίοντο καὶ ἐβούλοντο ἀνελεῖν αὐτούς.

Gamaliel Mentions Theudas' Revolt

In his speech to the Sanhedrin, Gamaliel used the example of Theudas, who had gathered followers around him, but the movement fell apart after his death.

36Some time ago Theudas appeared, claiming to be somebody, and about four hundred men joined him. He was killed, and all who followed him were dispersed and came to nothing.
πρὸ γὰρ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν ἀνέστη Θευδᾶς, λέγων εἶναί τινα ἑαυτόν, ᾧ ⸀προσεκλίθη ⸂ἀνδρῶν ἀριθμὸς ὡς⸃ τετρακοσίων· ὃς ἀνῃρέθη, καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διελύθησαν καὶ ἐγένοντο εἰς οὐδέν.

Gamaliel mentions Judas the Galilean

Gamaliel also used the example of Judas the Galilean, who led a revolt during the census, but even his movement was scattered after his downfall.

37After him Judas the Galilean appeared in the days of the census and drew people after him. He too perished, and all who followed him were scattered.
μετὰ τοῦτον ἀνέστη Ἰούδας ὁ Γαλιλαῖος ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς ἀπογραφῆς καὶ ἀπέστησε ⸀λαὸν ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ· κἀκεῖνος ἀπώλετο καὶ πάντες ὅσοι ἐπείθοντο αὐτῷ διεσκορπίσθησαν.

Paul's education under Gamaliel

The apostle Paul (Saul) stated that he was brought up at the feet of Gamaliel and trained in the law of our fathers with great zeal, which shows Gamaliel's influence as a teacher of the law.

3"I am a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia but brought up in this city. I was trained at the feet of Gamaliel in the strict observance of the law of our fathers, and I was zealous for God, just as all of you are today.
⸀Ἐγώ εἰμι ἀνὴρ Ἰουδαῖος, γεγεννημένος ἐν Ταρσῷ τῆς Κιλικίας, ἀνατεθραμμένος δὲ ἐν τῇ πόλει ταύτῃ παρὰ τοὺς πόδας Γαμαλιήλ, πεπαιδευμένος κατὰ ἀκρίβειαν τοῦ πατρῴου νόμου, ζηλωτὴς ὑπάρχων τοῦ θεοῦ καθὼς πάντες ὑμεῖς ἐστε σήμερον,

The Sanhedrin follows Gamaliel's advice

After Gamaliel's wise speech, the Sanhedrin was persuaded. They released the apostles after flogging them and forbade them to speak in Jesus' name, but did not pursue them further at that time.

39but if it is from God, you will not be able to stop them. You may even find yourselves fighting against God." They were persuaded by him,
εἰ δὲ ἐκ θεοῦ ἐστιν, οὐ ⸀δυνήσεσθε καταλῦσαι ⸀αὐτούς·) μήποτε καὶ θεομάχοι εὑρεθῆτε. ἐπείσθησαν δὲ αὐτῷ,
40and they called in the apostles, had them flogged, ordered them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and let them go.
καὶ προσκαλεσάμενοι τοὺς ἀποστόλους δείραντες παρήγγειλαν μὴ λαλεῖν ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ ⸀ἀπέλυσαν.
41So they left the Council rejoicing that they had been counted worthy to suffer dishonor for the Name.
οἱ μὲν οὖν ἐπορεύοντο χαίροντες ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ συνεδρίου ὅτι ⸂κατηξιώθησαν ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος⸃ ἀτιμασθῆναι·
42And every day, in the temple and from house to house, they never stopped teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Christ.
πᾶσάν τε ἡμέραν ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ κατʼ οἶκον οὐκ ἐπαύοντο διδάσκοντες καὶ εὐαγγελιζόμενοι ⸂τὸν χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν⸃.

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