The number 122 has no well-established independent symbolic meaning in biblical or Jewish tradition, but is associated with Psalm 122 (the pilgrimage to Jerusalem) and the return from exile.
The number 122 does not appear as a symbolically significant number in the Bible or in classical Jewish numerology in any prominent way. In Scripture, the number occurs concretely in Ezra 2:27 and Nehemiah 7:31, where it is stated that 122 men from the city of Michmas returned from the Babylonian exile. This is census data related to the rebuilding of the community in Judah, rather than symbolic use of the number. The best-known association, however, is Psalm 122, one of the pilgrimage psalms that celebrates Jerusalem and calls for prayer for the peace of the city. This gives the psalm number a natural connection to Jerusalem, pilgrimage, and longing for God's dwelling place, but this is tied to the content of the psalm rather than to an independent symbolic tradition surrounding the number 122 itself. Psalm 122 belongs to the collection Shir HaMa'alot ("Songs of Ascents", Psalms 120–134), which was traditionally sung by pilgrims on their way up to the temple in Jerusalem. Psalm 122 begins with the words "I rejoiced when they said to me: Let us go to the house of the Lord." Michmash (also spelled Mikhmash) was a city in the territory of the tribe of Benjamin, known from Jonathan's heroic attack against the Philistines (1 Sam 14). The fact that 122 men returned from there after the exile shows that even small local communities were restored.*