The Holy Spirit
The Holy Spirit is the third person of the Trinity - God who dwells in believers. The Spirit convicts of sin, regenerates, guides, comforts, and equips for service. Living in the Spirit is at the heart of the Christian life.
The Promise of the Spirit
Jesus promised that the Spirit would come as the Advocate.
16And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Advocate to be with you forever—
κἀγὼ ἐρωτήσω τὸν πατέρα καὶ ἄλλον παράκλητον δώσει ὑμῖν ἵνα ⸀ᾖ μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸν ⸀αἰῶνα,
17the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he remains with you and will be in you.
τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὃ ὁ κόσμος οὐ δύναται λαβεῖν, ὅτι οὐ θεωρεῖ αὐτὸ οὐδὲ ⸀γινώσκει· ⸀ὑμεῖς γινώσκετε αὐτό, ὅτι παρʼ ὑμῖν μένει καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν ⸀ἔσται.
26But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and remind you of everything I have said to you.
ὁ δὲ παράκλητος, τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ὃ πέμψει ὁ πατὴρ ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου, ἐκεῖνος ὑμᾶς διδάξει πάντα καὶ ὑπομνήσει ὑμᾶς πάντα ἃ εἶπον ⸀ὑμῖν.
7Yet I am telling you the truth: it is for your good that I am going away. For if I do not go, the Helper will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.
ἀλλʼ ἐγὼ τὴν ἀλήθειαν λέγω ὑμῖν, συμφέρει ὑμῖν ἵνα ἐγὼ ἀπέλθω. ἐὰν ⸀γὰρ μὴ ἀπέλθω, ὁ παράκλητος ⸂οὐ μὴ ἔλθῃ⸃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς· ἐὰν δὲ πορευθῶ, πέμψω αὐτὸν πρὸς ὑμᾶς.
13When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth. For he will not speak on his own; he will speak whatever he hears, and he will declare to you the things that are coming.
ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁδηγήσει ὑμᾶς ⸂ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ⸃, οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὅσα ⸀ἀκούσει λαλήσει, καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν.
4While he was eating with them, he ordered them not to leave Jerusalem, but to wait for what the Father had promised: "This is what you have heard me speak about."
καὶ συναλιζόμενος παρήγγειλεν αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ Ἱεροσολύμων μὴ χωρίζεσθαι, ἀλλὰ περιμένειν τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πατρὸς ἣν ἠκούσατέ μου·
5"For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit."
ὅτι Ἰωάννης μὲν ἐβάπτισεν ὕδατι, ὑμεῖς δὲ ⸂ἐν πνεύματι βαπτισθήσεσθε⸃ ἁγίῳ οὐ μετὰ πολλὰς ταύτας ἡμέρας.
8But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."
ἀλλὰ λήμψεσθε δύναμιν ἐπελθόντος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐφʼ ὑμᾶς, καὶ ἔσεσθέ ⸀μου μάρτυρες ἔν τε Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ ἐν πάσῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ καὶ Σαμαρείᾳ καὶ ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς.
Pentecost
The Spirit was poured out on the church on Pentecost.
1When the day of Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place.
Καὶ ἐν τῷ συμπληροῦσθαι τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς πεντηκοστῆς ἦσαν ⸂πάντες ὁμοῦ⸃ ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό,
2Suddenly a sound came from heaven like a rushing, violent wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting.
καὶ ἐγένετο ἄφνω ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἦχος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας καὶ ἐπλήρωσεν ὅλον τὸν οἶκον οὗ ἦσαν καθήμενοι,
3Tongues as of fire appeared to them, dividing, and one came to rest on each of them.
καὶ ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός, ⸂καὶ ἐκάθισεν⸃ ἐφʼ ἕνα ἕκαστον αὐτῶν,
4They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
καὶ ἐπλήσθησαν ⸀πάντες πνεύματος ἁγίου, καὶ ἤρξαντο λαλεῖν ἑτέραις γλώσσαις καθὼς τὸ πνεῦμα ἐδίδου ⸂ἀποφθέγγεσθαι αὐτοῖς⸃.
1And afterward it will come to pass that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh. Your sons and your daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions.
וְהָיָ֣ה אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אֶשְׁפּ֤וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִי֙ עַל־כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר וְנִבְּא֖וּ בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם זִקְנֵיכֶם֙ חֲלֹמ֣וֹת יַחֲלֹמ֔וּן בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם חֶזְיֹנ֖וֹת יִרְאֽוּ׃
2Even on the male and female servants I will pour out my Spirit in those days.
וְגַ֥ם עַל־הָֽעֲבָדִ֖ים וְעַל־הַשְּׁפָח֑וֹת בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔מָּה אֶשְׁפּ֖וֹךְ אֶת־רוּחִֽי׃
The Work of the Spirit
The Spirit convicts of sin, regenerates, and sanctifies.
8And when he comes, he will convict the world concerning sin and righteousness and judgment:
καὶ ἐλθὼν ἐκεῖνος ἐλέγξει τὸν κόσμον περὶ ἁμαρτίας καὶ περὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ περὶ κρίσεως·
9concerning sin, because they do not believe in me;
περὶ ἁμαρτίας μέν, ὅτι οὐ πιστεύουσιν εἰς ἐμέ·
10concerning righteousness, because I am going to the Father and you will see me no longer;
περὶ δικαιοσύνης δέ, ὅτι πρὸς τὸν ⸀πατέρα ὑπάγω καὶ οὐκέτι θεωρεῖτέ με·
11concerning judgment, because the ruler of this world has been condemned.
περὶ δὲ κρίσεως, ὅτι ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται.
5Jesus answered, "Truly, truly, I tell you: unless someone is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.
⸀ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς· Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λέγω σοι, ἐὰν μή τις γεννηθῇ ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος, οὐ δύναται εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
6What is born of the flesh is flesh, and what is born of the Spirit is spirit.
τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς σάρξ ἐστιν, καὶ τὸ γεγεννημένον ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος πνεῦμά ἐστιν.
5he saved us—not because of righteous deeds we had done, but because of his own mercy—through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit,
οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ ⸀ἃ ἐποιήσαμεν ἡμεῖς ἀλλὰ κατὰ ⸂τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος⸃ ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας καὶ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου,
The Fruit of the Spirit
Life in the Spirit produces fruit that reflects Christ's character.
22But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness,
Ὁ δὲ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματός ἐστιν ἀγάπη, χαρά, εἰρήνη, μακροθυμία, χρηστότης, ἀγαθωσύνη, πίστις,
23gentleness, self-control. Against such things there is no law.
πραΰτης, ἐγκράτεια· κατὰ τῶν τοιούτων οὐκ ἔστιν νόμος.
16So I say: walk by the Spirit, and you will not carry out the desire of the flesh.
Λέγω δέ, πνεύματι περιπατεῖτε καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν σαρκὸς οὐ μὴ τελέσητε.
17For the flesh desires what is against the Spirit, and the Spirit what is against the flesh. They are opposed to each other, so that you do not do what you want.
ἡ γὰρ σὰρξ ἐπιθυμεῖ κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος, τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα κατὰ τῆς σαρκός, ταῦτα ⸀γὰρ ⸂ἀλλήλοις ἀντίκειται⸃, ἵνα μὴ ἃ ⸀ἐὰν θέλητε ταῦτα ποιῆτε.
25If we live by the Spirit, let us also keep in step with the Spirit.
εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν.
The Gifts of the Spirit
The Spirit gives various gifts for the building up of the church.
4There are different gifts, but the same Spirit;
Διαιρέσεις δὲ χαρισμάτων εἰσίν, τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα·
7To each person the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good.
ἑκάστῳ δὲ δίδοται ἡ φανέρωσις τοῦ πνεύματος πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον.
11All these are the work of one and the same Spirit, who distributes them to each one individually as he wills.
πάντα δὲ ταῦτα ἐνεργεῖ τὸ ἓν καὶ τὸ αὐτὸ πνεῦμα, διαιροῦν ἰδίᾳ ἑκάστῳ καθὼς βούλεται.
6We have different gifts according to the grace given to us. If it is prophecy, prophesy in proportion to your faith;
ἔχοντες δὲ χαρίσματα κατὰ τὴν χάριν τὴν δοθεῖσαν ἡμῖν διάφορα, εἴτε προφητείαν κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς πίστεως,
7if it is service, serve; if it is teaching, teach;
εἴτε διακονίαν ἐν τῇ διακονίᾳ, εἴτε ὁ διδάσκων ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ,
8if it is encouragement, encourage; if it is giving, give generously; if it is leading, lead diligently; if it is showing mercy, do it cheerfully.
εἴτε ὁ παρακαλῶν ἐν τῇ παρακλήσει, ὁ μεταδιδοὺς ἐν ἁπλότητι, ὁ προϊστάμενος ἐν σπουδῇ, ὁ ἐλεῶν ἐν ἱλαρότητι.
11And he himself gave some to be apostles, some prophets, some evangelists, some pastors and teachers,
καὶ αὐτὸς ἔδωκεν τοὺς μὲν ἀποστόλους, τοὺς δὲ προφήτας, τοὺς δὲ εὐαγγελιστάς, τοὺς δὲ ποιμένας καὶ διδασκάλους,
12to equip the saints for the work of ministry, for building up the body of Christ,
πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τῶν ἁγίων εἰς ἔργον διακονίας, εἰς οἰκοδομὴν τοῦ σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ,