Asher (son of Zilpah)

Ancestor of the tribe of Asher

Auch bekannt als: Asar, Aser, Asher

Die PatriarchenPatriarchAncestorc. 1900–1750 BC

Asher was Silpah's second son and Jacob's eighth son, and became the ancestor of one of Israel's twelve tribes. His name is derived from the Hebrew word for 'happy' or 'blessed', and at his birth Leah exclaimed: "Happy am I! For women will call me happy." When Jacob on his deathbed blessed his sons, he prophesied that Asher's food would be rich and provide royal delicacies – a prophecy fulfilled when the tribe received one of Canaan's most fertile regions along the Mediterranean coast, from Carmel to Sidon, with abundant olive production. Moses confirmed this by saying that Asher should "dip his foot in oil". Despite the natural wealth of their territory, the tribe never fully drove out the Canaanites from their allotted cities, which shaped their religious and cultural development. The tribe's war history is mixed – Deborah's song criticizes them for passivity during the battle against Sisera. Nevertheless, Asher's descendants preserved their tribal identity through the centuries, well into New Testament times, where the prophetess Anna from the tribe of Asher recognized the child Jesus in the temple and testified that God's promises to Israel's tribes still stood firm.

Familie

Schlüsselereignisse

The Birth of Asher

Asher was born as Zilpah's second son and Jacob's eighth son. Leah named him Asher and said: "Happy am I! For the women will call me happy."

12Leah's servant Zilpah bore Jacob a second son.
וַתֵּ֗לֶד זִלְפָּה֙ שִׁפְחַ֣ת לֵאָ֔ה בֵּ֥ן שֵׁנִ֖י לְיַעֲקֹֽב׃ ‬
13Then Leah said, "How happy I am! The women will call me happy." So she named him Asher.
וַתֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאָ֔ה בְּאָשְׁרִ֕י כִּ֥י אִשְּׁר֖וּנִי בָּנ֑וֹת וַתִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ אָשֵֽׁר׃ ‬

The Journey to Egypt

Asher traveled with his father Jacob and the rest of the family to Egypt during the famine, to reunite with Joseph. His children are also mentioned here: the sons Jimna, Jishvah, Jishvi, and Beriah, as well as the daughter Serah.

17the sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and their sister Serah; and the sons of Beriah: Heber and Malchiel.
וּבְנֵ֣י אָשֵׁ֗ר יִמְנָ֧ה וְיִשְׁוָ֛ה וְיִשְׁוִ֥י וּבְרִיעָ֖ה וְשֶׂ֣רַח אֲחֹתָ֑ם וּבְנֵ֣י בְרִיעָ֔ה חֶ֖בֶר וּמַלְכִּיאֵֽל׃ ‬

Jacob's Blessing

On his deathbed, Jacob blessed his sons. Regarding Asher, he prophesied that his food would be rich and that he would provide royal delicacies.

20Asher's food will be rich; he will provide delicacies fit for a king.
מֵאָשֵׁ֖ר שְׁמֵנָ֣ה לַחְמ֑וֹ וְה֥וּא יִתֵּ֖ן מַֽעֲדַנֵּי־מֶֽלֶךְ׃ ס ‬

Moses' Blessing over the Tribe of Asher

Moses blessed the tribe of Asher before his death and predicted that Asher would be blessed among the sons, find favor with his brothers, and dip his foot in oil. The strength of the tribe would last as long as they lived.

24Of Asher he said: Most blessed of sons is Asher; may he be favored by his brothers and bathe his feet in oil.
וּלְאָשֵׁ֣ר אָמַ֔ר בָּר֥וּךְ מִבָּנִ֖ים אָשֵׁ֑ר יְהִ֤י רְצוּי֙ אֶחָ֔יו וְטֹבֵ֥ל בַּשֶּׁ֖מֶן רַגְלֽוֹ׃ ‬
25Your gates will have bars of iron and bronze, and your strength will match your days.
בַּרְזֶ֥ל וּנְחֹ֖שֶׁת מִנְעָלֶ֑יךָ וּכְיָמֶ֖יךָ דָּבְאֶֽךָ׃ ‬

The Inheritance of the Tribe of Asher

The tribe of Asher was assigned a fertile territory along the Mediterranean coast in northern Canaan, from Mount Carmel toward Sidon, known for its olive trees and rich agricultural soil.

24The fifth lot came out for the tribe of Asher, clan by clan.
וַיֵּצֵא֙ הַגּוֹרָ֣ל הַֽחֲמִישִׁ֔י לְמַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחוֹתָֽם׃ ‬
25Their territory included Helkath, Hali, Beten, Acshaph,
וַיְהִ֖י גְּבוּלָ֑ם חֶלְקַ֥ת וַחֲלִ֖י וָבֶ֥טֶן וְאַכְשָֽׁף׃ ‬
26Allammelech, Amad, and Mishal. On the west the border touched Carmel and Shihor Libnath.
וְאַֽלַמֶּ֥לֶךְ וְעַמְעָ֖ד וּמִשְׁאָ֑ל וּפָגַ֤ע בְּכַרְמֶל֙ הַיָּ֔מָּה וּבְשִׁיח֖וֹר לִבְנָֽת׃ ‬
27It then turned east toward Beth Dagon, touched Zebulun and the Valley of Iphtah El, and went north to Beth Emek and Neiel, passing Cabul on the left.
וְשָׁ֨ב מִזְרַ֣ח הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֮ בֵּ֣ית דָּגֹן֒ וּפָגַ֣ע בִּ֠זְבֻלוּן וּבְגֵ֨י יִפְתַּח־אֵ֥ל צָפ֛וֹנָה בֵּ֥ית הָעֵ֖מֶק וּנְעִיאֵ֑ל וְיָצָ֥א אֶל־כָּב֖וּל מִשְּׂמֹֽאל׃ ‬
28It went on to Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon.
וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן וּרְחֹ֖ב וְחַמּ֣וֹן וְקָנָ֑ה עַ֖ד צִיד֥וֹן רַבָּֽה׃ ‬
29The border then turned back toward Ramah and went to the fortified city of Tyre, turned toward Hosah, and came out at the sea in the region of Aczib,
וְשָׁ֤ב הַגְּבוּל֙ הָֽרָמָ֔ה וְעַד־עִ֖יר מִבְצַר־צֹ֑ר וְשָׁ֤ב הַגְּבוּל֙ חֹסָ֔ה *ויהיו **וְהָי֧וּ תֹצְאֹתָ֛יו הַיָּ֖מָּה מֵחֶ֥בֶל אַכְזִֽיבָה׃ ‬
30along with Ummah, Aphek, and Rehob—twenty-two towns with their villages.
וְעֻמָ֥ה וַאֲפֵ֖ק וּרְחֹ֑ב עָרִ֛ים עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ ‬
31These towns and their villages were the inheritance of the tribe of Asher, clan by clan.
זֹ֗את נַחֲלַ֛ת מַטֵּ֥ה בְנֵֽי־אָשֵׁ֖ר לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑ם הֶעָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ פ ‬

Canaanites Were Not Driven Out

The tribe of Asher failed to drive out the Canaanites from several of their allotted cities, including Acco, Sidon, and Achlab, and had to live among the original inhabitants.

31Asher did not drive out the people of Acco or Sidon, or of Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, or Rehob.
אָשֵׁ֗ר לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י עַכּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י צִיד֑וֹן וְאֶת־אַחְלָ֤ב וְאֶת־אַכְזִיב֙ וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּ֔ה וְאֶת־אֲפִ֖יק וְאֶת־רְחֹֽב׃ ‬
32So the Asherites lived among the Canaanite inhabitants of the land, because they did not drive them out.
וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ הָאָ֣שֵׁרִ֔י בְּקֶ֥רֶב הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֖י יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ כִּ֖י לֹ֥א הוֹרִישֽׁוֹ׃ ס ‬

Passivity during Deborah's War

In Deborah's song, the tribe of Asher is criticized for staying by the seashore and not joining the battle against the Canaanite commander Sisera.

17Gilead stayed beyond the Jordan. And Dan — why did he linger by the ships? Asher sat still on the seacoast and remained in his harbors.
גִּלְעָ֗ד בְּעֵ֤בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּן֙ שָׁכֵ֔ן וְדָ֕ן לָ֥מָּה יָג֖וּר אֳנִיּ֑וֹת אָשֵׁ֗ר יָשַׁב֙ לְח֣וֹף יַמִּ֔ים וְעַ֥ל מִפְרָצָ֖יו יִשְׁכּֽוֹן׃ ‬

In der Bibel erwähnt (20)