Jonathan Maccabeus (son of Mattathias)
High Priest and Commander-in-Chief of Israel
Jonathan was the youngest of Mattathias' five sons and took over leadership after his brother Judas Maccabeus fell. He combined military skill with political cunning and eventually became both high priest and commander-in-chief for the Jewish people. His diplomatic connections with Rome and Sparta strengthened Israel's position, but he was ultimately killed through treachery.
Family
Key events
Takes Over Leadership After Judas
After the death of Judas Maccabeus at Elasa, the people chose Jonathan to lead the revolt against the Seleucids and continue the fight.
Guerrilla Warfare in the Desert
Jonathan waged a prolonged guerrilla war from the Jordan Desert, gradually building up his forces and resisting enemy attacks.
Appointed High Priest
King Alexander Balas appointed Jonathan as high priest during the Feast of Tabernacles, granting him both religious and political authority.
Alliance with Rome and Sparta
Jonathan renewed the alliance with the Romans and established diplomatic ties with Sparta to strengthen Israel's international position.
Captured by Tryphon
Tryphon lured Jonathan to Ptolemais under the pretext of peace negotiations but captured him through treachery.
Death of Jonathan
Jonathan was killed by Tryphon after being held captive, and his brother Simon took over leadership of the people.