Teman

Esau's Grandson and Edomite Tribal Father

The patriarchsPatriarchLeaderc. 1850 BC

Teman was the firstborn son of Eliphaz, who in turn was the son of Esau. He became the tribal father of one of the most important clans in Edom, and his name was used for an entire region and people in southern Edom. Teman is also known through the biblical wisdom tradition, as Eliphaz from Teman was one of Job's three friends.

Family

Key events

The Birth and Lineage of Teman

Teman was born as the firstborn son of Eliphaz, the son of Esau, and is listed in Esau's genealogy.

11The sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam, and Kenaz.
וַיִּהְי֖וּ בְּנֵ֣י אֱלִיפָ֑ז תֵּימָ֣ן אוֹמָ֔ר צְפ֥וֹ וְגַעְתָּ֖ם וּקְנַֽז׃ ‬

Chieftain in Edom

Teman became one of the chieftains (princes) of Edom and founded one of the most important clans among the Edomite people.

15These are the chiefs among Esau's descendants. The sons of Eliphaz, Esau's firstborn: Chief Teman, Chief Omar, Chief Zepho, Chief Kenaz,
אֵ֖לֶּה אַלּוּפֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עֵשָׂ֑ו בְּנֵ֤י אֱלִיפַז֙ בְּכ֣וֹר עֵשָׂ֔ו אַלּ֤וּף תֵּימָן֙ אַלּ֣וּף אוֹמָ֔ר אַלּ֥וּף צְפ֖וֹ אַלּ֥וּף קְנַֽז׃ ‬
42Chief Kenaz, Chief Teman, Chief Mibzar,
אַלּ֥וּף קְנַ֛ז אַלּ֥וּף תֵּימָ֖ן אַלּ֥וּף מִבְצָֽר׃ ‬

Teman in Edom's Family History

In 1 Chronicles, Teman's place in Esau's genealogy is repeated, confirming his significance as a patriarch in Edom's history.

36The sons of Eliphaz: Teman, Omar, Zephi, Gatam, Kenaz, Timna, and Amalek.
בְּנֵ֖י אֱלִיפָ֑ז תֵּימָ֤ן וְאוֹמָר֙ צְפִ֣י וְגַעְתָּ֔ם קְנַ֖ז וְתִמְנָ֥ע וַעֲמָלֵֽק׃ ס ‬
53chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief Mibzar,
אַלּ֥וּף קְנַ֛ז אַלּ֥וּף תֵּימָ֖ן אַלּ֣וּף מִבְצָֽר׃ ‬

Teman's Wisdom Mentioned by Jeremiah

The prophet Jeremiah mentions Teman's wisdom in his prophecy against Edom and asks whether wisdom has vanished from Teman—showing that the region was known for its wise men.

7Concerning Edom, this is what the LORD of hosts says: Is there no longer wisdom in Teman? Counsel has perished from the prudent; their wisdom has decayed.
לֶאֱד֗וֹם כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הַאֵ֥ין ע֛וֹד חָכְמָ֖ה בְּתֵימָ֑ן אָבְדָ֤ה עֵצָה֙ מִבָּנִ֔ים נִסְרְחָ֖ה חָכְמָתָֽם׃ ‬
20Therefore hear the plan the LORD has made against Edom, and what he has purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: The little ones of the flock will surely be dragged away; their own pasture will be appalled at them.
לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־אֱד֔וֹם וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י תֵימָ֑ן אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְוֵהֶֽם׃ ‬

God's Judgment on Teman

The prophet Amos proclaims God's judgment on Teman and Bozrah because of Edom's sin against Israel, warning of fire over Teman's palaces.

11This is what the LORD says: For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not take it back—because he pursued his brother with the sword and stifled all compassion, his anger tearing without ceasing, his fury kept forever.
כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־רָדְפ֨וֹ בַחֶ֤רֶב אָחִיו֙ וְשִׁחֵ֣ת רַחֲמָ֔יו וַיִּטְרֹ֤ף לָעַד֙ אַפּ֔וֹ וְעֶבְרָת֖וֹ שְׁמָ֥רָה נֶֽצַח׃ ‬
12So I will send fire against Teman, and it will devour the strongholds of Bozrah.
וְשִׁלַּ֥חְתִּי אֵ֖שׁ בְּתֵימָ֑ן וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֥וֹת בָּצְרָֽה׃ פ ‬

God's Coming from Teman in Habakkuk's Song

In the prophet Habakkuk's prayer, God is described as coming from Teman, pointing to His powerful presence and glory that fills the heavens.

3God comes from Teman, the Holy One from Mount Paran. Selah. His splendor covers the heavens, and the earth is full of his praise.
אֱל֙וֹהַ֙ מִתֵּימָ֣ן יָב֔וֹא וְקָד֥וֹשׁ מֵֽהַר־פָּארָ֖ן סֶ֑לָה כִּסָּ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ הוֹד֔וֹ וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹ מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃ ‬

Mentioned in the Bible (6)