2. KorinttilaiskirjeLuku 6

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As we work together with him, then, we urge you not to receive the grace of God in vain.

For he says: "At the acceptable time I heard you, and on the day of salvation I helped you." Look, now is the acceptable time; look, now is the day of salvation.

We put no stumbling block in anyone's way, so that no fault may be found with our ministry.

Instead, in every way we commend ourselves as servants of God: in great endurance, in afflictions, in hardships, in distresses,

in beatings, in imprisonments, in riots, in hard labor, in sleepless nights, in times of hunger,

in purity, in knowledge, in patience, in kindness, in the Holy Spirit, in genuine love,

in the word of truth, in the power of God; with the weapons of righteousness in the right hand and in the left;

through honor and dishonor, through slander and praise. We are treated as impostors, and yet are true;

as unknown, and yet well known; as dying, and look—we live; as punished, and yet not killed;

as sorrowful, yet always rejoicing; as poor, yet making many rich; as having nothing, and yet possessing everything.

We have spoken openly to you, Corinthians; our heart is wide open.

You are not cramped by us; you are cramped by your own affections.

In fair exchange—I speak as to my children—open wide your hearts as well.

Do not be unequally yoked with unbelievers. For what partnership is there between righteousness and lawlessness? Or what fellowship does light have with darkness?

What harmony is there between Christ and Belial? Or what does a believer have in common with an unbeliever?

What agreement is there between the temple of God and idols? For we are the temple of the living God, as God has said: "I will dwell in them and walk among them, and I will be their God, and they will be my people."

"Therefore come out from among them and be separate, says the Lord, and touch nothing unclean, and I will welcome you."

"And I will be a Father to you, and you will be my sons and daughters, says the Lord Almighty."

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Luku 6

Main Theme: Paul exhorts the Corinthians to live in a manner worthy of God’s grace and to remain separate from unbelievers.

Content: Paul urges the Corinthians not to receive God’s grace in vain, but to seize the day of salvation. He describes the characteristics of apostolic ministry through a series of paradoxes: poor yet making many rich; sorrowful yet always rejoicing. With an open heart, he appeals to the Corinthians for mutual openness. The chapter concludes with a strong warning against being yoked together with unbelievers, and promises that God will be their Father if they keep themselves separate from uncleanness.

Key Words/Images:

Day of salvation (ἡμέρα σωτηρίας): Quoted from Isaiah – the present time is the decisive moment to respond to God’s grace.
Unequal yoke (ἑτεροζυγοῦντες): Image from Deuteronomy 22:10 – believers should not bind themselves together with unbelievers in incompatible partnerships.
Temple of God (ναὸς θεοῦ): Believers are God’s dwelling place, which requires holiness and separation from idolatry.
Beliar: Jewish designation for Satan or evil – highlights the absolute opposition between Christ and the powers of darkness.

Historiallinen konteksti

Historical and Cultural Context for 2 Corinthians 6

Events and Customs

Paul’s exhortation in verses 14–18 not to be "unequally yoked" (ἑτεροζυγοῦντες) draws its imagery from Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:10, where Israelites are forbidden to plow with an ox and a donkey together. Separating themselves from pagan practices carried significant social and economic costs for the congregation.

The list of sufferings in verses 4–10 reflects concrete experiences from Paul’s missionary work, including references to imprisonment (φυλακαῖς), beatings (πληγαῖς), and unrest (ἀκαταστασίαις). Such "peristasis catalogs" (lists of hardships) were known in Stoic philosophy, but Paul uses this form in a distinctive way to show that apostolic legitimacy is confirmed through suffering, not worldly success.

Key Terms

The word Βελιάρ (Beliar) in verse 15 is a Hebrew-Aramaic name for Satan that was widespread in Jewish apocalyptic literature, especially in the Dead Sea Scrolls and pseudepigraphal writings such as the Book of Jubilees. The name likely means "worthlessness" or "destruction." Paul’s use of this term rather than the more common "Satan" or "devil" may indicate influence from Jewish apocalyptic tradition and underscores the absolute opposition between Christ and the power of evil.

The expression ὅπλα τῆς δικαιοσύνης τῶν δεξιῶν καὶ ἀριστερῶν ("weapons of righteousness for the right hand and the left") in verse 7 draws imagery from Roman military practice. A fully equipped soldier carried a sword in his right hand (an offensive weapon) and a shield in his left (a defensive weapon).

The term ναός (temple) in verse 16 refers specifically to the holy inner sanctuary where God dwells, not the broader temple complex (ἱερόν). Paul deliberately contrasts this with the pagan temples of the city.

Chapter-Specific Insights

Paul’s exhortation to "come out from them and be separate" (verse 17) had concrete implications for the congregation’s daily social life, where religious and social contexts were often inextricably intertwined.

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