3. MoseKapitel 6

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The LORD said to Moses:

Command Aaron and his sons: This is the law of the burnt offering. The burnt offering is to remain on the hearth on the altar all night until morning, and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning on it.

The priest shall put on his linen robe, with linen undergarments next to his body. Then he shall remove the ashes of the burnt offering that the fire has consumed on the altar and place them beside the altar.

Then he shall take off his garments, put on other garments, and carry the ashes outside the camp to a clean place.

The fire on the altar shall be kept burning; it must not go out. Every morning the priest shall add wood to it, arrange the burnt offering on it, and burn the fat portions of the fellowship offerings on it.

A perpetual fire shall be kept burning on the altar; it must never go out.

This is the law of the grain offering. Aaron's sons shall present it before the LORD, in front of the altar.

The priest shall take from it a handful of the fine flour of the grain offering, with its oil and all the frankincense that is on the offering, and burn it on the altar as a memorial portion, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

Aaron and his sons shall eat what is left of it. It shall be eaten as unleavened bread in a holy place; they shall eat it in the courtyard of the tent of meeting.

It must not be baked with leaven. I have given it to them as their share of my food offerings. It is most holy, like the sin offering and the guilt offering.

Every male among Aaron's descendants may eat it. It is a perpetual statute for your generations from the food offerings of the LORD. Whatever touches them shall become holy.

The LORD said to Moses:

This is the offering that Aaron and his sons shall present to the LORD on the day he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a regular grain offering, half of it in the morning and half in the evening.

It shall be prepared with oil on a griddle; bring it well mixed, and present the baked pieces of the grain offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

The anointed priest who takes his place from among his sons shall prepare it. It is a perpetual statute: it shall be burned entirely for the LORD.

Every grain offering of a priest shall be burned whole; it must not be eaten.

The LORD said to Moses:

Say to Aaron and his sons: This is the law of the sin offering. The sin offering shall be slaughtered before the LORD in the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered. It is most holy.

The priest who offers it for sin shall eat it. It shall be eaten in a holy place, in the courtyard of the tent of meeting.

Whatever touches its flesh shall become holy, and if any of its blood is spattered on a garment, you shall wash the spattered garment in a holy place.

A clay pot in which it is boiled must be broken; but if it is boiled in a bronze vessel, that vessel shall be scoured and rinsed with water.

Every male among the priests may eat it. It is most holy.

But no sin offering may be eaten if any of its blood has been brought into the tent of meeting to make atonement in the holy place; it shall be burned in the fire.

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Zusammenfassung2

Kapitel 6

Main Theme: The chapter gives detailed instructions to the priests on how the various offerings are to be handled and who may eat from them.

Content: The chapter begins with rules for the burnt offering, which is to remain on the altar all night while the fire is kept burning constantly—an eternal fire that must never go out. Next, the grain offering is described: the priest takes a handful of flour and oil along with all the incense and burns it, while the remainder is eaten unleavened by Aaron’s sons in a holy place. The priests’ own grain offering, which is presented on the day of their consecration and brought daily, must be burned completely and not eaten. Finally, rules are given for the sin offering, which is most holy and must be eaten by the priest in a holy place, while blood stained on garments must be washed, and vessels must either be cleansed or broken.

Key Words/Images:

Eternal fire (אֵשׁ תָּמִיד): The fire on the altar is never to go out, symbolizing God’s enduring presence and uninterrupted worship.
Most holy (קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים): Both the grain offering and the sin offering are designated as most holy, requiring special handling and consumption in a holy place.
Holy place: The priests must eat their portion of the offerings in the courtyard of the tent of meeting, marking the distinction between the holy and the common.
Cleansing of vessels: Clay vessels must be broken, while bronze vessels are to be scoured and rinsed—this shows how seriously holiness must be preserved.

Historischer Kontext

Historical and Cultural Context for Leviticus 6

People

The chapter focuses on Aaron and his sons in their role as priests. The expression "command Aaron and his sons" (צַו אֶת־אַהֲרֹן) indicates that these are binding service instructions for the priesthood, unlike the preceding chapters which were primarily directed at the people bringing offerings. The chapter also mentions "the anointed priest" (הַכֹּהֵן הַמָּשִׁיחַ, verse 15) who is to continue the daily grain offering.

Places

The chapter mentions several important places connected with the tabernacle. The altar (הַמִּזְבֵּחַ) was the bronze burnt offering altar that stood in the courtyard. The court of the tent of meeting (חֲצַר אֹהֶל־מוֹעֵד) was the holy area where the priests were to eat their portion of the offerings. Outside the camp (מִחוּץ לַמַּחֲנֶה) was the place where the ashes were to be taken – a "clean place" (מָקוֹם טָהוֹר) that was separated from the uncleanness of the camp, yet still treated with respect because the ashes came from holy offerings.

Events and Customs

The Perpetual Fire

The command that the fire on the altar must never go out (אֵשׁ תָּמִיד תּוּקַד עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ לֹא תִכְבֶּה, verse 6) was central to the tabernacle service. The fire symbolized God's constant presence and Israel's enduring covenant relationship with Him. The priests had to add wood to the altar every morning (בַּבֹּקֶר בַּבֹּקֶר) to maintain the flame.

Ash Removal and Priestly Garments

The detailed procedure for ash removal (הַדֶּשֶׁן) illustrates an important principle: the priest had to change his clothes when moving from holy service at the altar to carrying the ashes outside the camp. The linen garments (מִדּוֹ בַד) were the sacred priestly vestments, while "other garments" (בְּגָדִים אֲחֵרִים) were used for this less holy task. This shows the gradual transition between holy and common space.

Cooking Rules for Sin Offering Meat

The rules stating that clay pots had to be broken while copper pots could be scraped and rinsed (verse 21), reflect the understanding that clay absorbs liquids and cannot be thoroughly cleansed, whereas metal can be purified by scraping and washing with water.

Key Terms

Torah (תּוֹרָה): The word is used here in the sense of "instruction" or "regulation" for each type of offering (תּוֹרַת הָעֹלָה, תּוֹרַת הַמִּנְחָה, תּוֹרַת הַחַטָּאת), not as a designation for the entire books of Moses.

Mokdah (מוֹקְדָה): Refers to the fire pit or embers on the altar where the burnt offering (עֹלָה) lay burning through the night until morning (verse 2).

Azkarah (אַזְכָּרָה): The "memorial portion" of the grain offering – the handful that was burned on the altar. The word comes from the root ז-כ-ר (to remember/memorialize).

Kodesh kodashim (קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים): "Most holy" – the designation for the most sacred offerings that only male priests could eat, and only within the holy area.

Kalil (כָּלִיל): "Whole/complete" – used concerning the priests' grain offering (מִנְחַת כֹּהֵן) which was to be burned completely and not eaten, in contrast to regular grain offerings where the priests were allowed to eat the remainder.

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Schlüsselwörter10

Offer — A ritual act where one gives something of value to God, as a way to show reverence and gratitude.
Burnt offering — A type of sacrifice in which an animal is burned completely or partially on an altar as a gift to God.
Sin offering — An offering given to atone for sins and cleanse the person who has sinned.
High priest — The highest religious leader in ancient Israel, responsible for performing special ceremonies and sacrifices.
Altar — A structure where sacrifices and rituals are carried out as part of religious worship.
Fat — The most valuable and nutrient-rich part of an animal, often offered to God in burnt offerings and sin offerings.
Liver — An internal organ in animals, often used as part of a sacrifice to God.
Kidneys — Internal organs in animals, also used as part of sacrifices to God.
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