JohannesKapitel 21

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Show the sign153 large fish

After the resurrection, Jesus appears to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias. The miraculous catch of fish recalls the calling by the sea, and Jesus reinstates Peter after his denial.

By the Sea of Tiberias

{John 21:1}

v.1

I am going out to fish

{John 21:3}

v.3

Jesus on the shore

{John 21:4}

v.4

Cast the net on the right side

{John 21:6}

v.6

It is the Lord!

{John 21:7}

v.7

153 large fish

{John 21:11}

v.11

Come and have breakfast

{John 21:12}

v.12

Do you love me?

{John 21:15-17}

v.15, 16, 17

Feed my sheep

{John 21:17}

v.17

Follow me

{John 21:19}

v.19

Parallele Texte1 Parallelstellen in diesem Kapitel

Jesus appears in GalileeMJ

John has the miraculous catch of fish and Peter's restoration.

MatthäusMatthew 28:16–20

16Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told them to go.

17When they saw him, they worshiped him, though some doubted.

18Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.

19Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, [Footnote: Greek: into the name, indicating being brought into relationship with and belonging to the one named.]

20teaching them to keep everything I have commanded you. And remember, I am with you always, to the very end of the age."

Johannes(du leser)

1After this, Jesus revealed himself again to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias. This is how he revealed himself.

2Simon Peter, Thomas called the Twin, Nathanael from Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two other disciples of his were together.

3Simon Peter said to them, "I'm going fishing." They said to him, "We're coming with you." So they went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing.

4When day was already breaking, Jesus stood on the shore, but the disciples did not know it was Jesus.

5So Jesus said to them, "Friends, haven't you caught anything to eat?" "No," they answered.

6He said to them, "Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and you will find some." So they cast it, and they were no longer able to haul it in because of the great number of fish.

7Then the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord!" As soon as Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he wrapped his outer garment around him, for he had stripped for work, and threw himself into the sea.

8The other disciples came in the boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from shore, only about a hundred yards.

9When they came ashore, they saw a charcoal fire there with fish on it, and bread.

10Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish you have just caught."

11So Simon Peter went aboard and hauled the net ashore, full of large fish—a hundred and fifty-three of them. And though there were so many, the net was not torn.

12Jesus said to them, "Come and have breakfast." None of the disciples dared to ask him, "Who are you?" for they knew it was the Lord.

13Jesus came, took the bread, and gave it to them, and the fish as well.

14This was now the third time Jesus revealed himself to the disciples after he was raised from the dead.

15When they had finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" "Yes, Lord," he said, "you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my lambs."

16A second time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" "Yes, Lord," he said, "you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Take care of my sheep."

17A third time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" Peter was grieved that Jesus asked him a third time, "Do you love me?" and he said, "Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my sheep.

18"Truly, truly, I tell you: when you were younger, you dressed yourself and went wherever you wanted. But when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and carry you where you do not want to go."

19He said this to show by what kind of death Peter would glorify God. Then he said to him, "Follow me."

20Peter turned and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them—the one who had leaned back against Jesus at the supper and asked, "Lord, who is going to betray you?"

21When Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, "Lord, what about him?"

22Jesus answered, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me."

23So the word spread among the brothers that this disciple would not die. Yet Jesus had not said that he would not die, but, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you?"

After this, Jesus revealed himself again to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias. This is how he revealed himself.

Simon Peter, Thomas called the Twin, Nathanael from Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two other disciples of his were together.

Simon Peter said to them, "I'm going fishing." They said to him, "We're coming with you." So they went out and got into the boat, but that night they caught nothing.

When day was already breaking, Jesus stood on the shore, but the disciples did not know it was Jesus.

So Jesus said to them, "Friends, haven't you caught anything to eat?" "No," they answered.

He said to them, "Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and you will find some." So they cast it, and they were no longer able to haul it in because of the great number of fish.

Then the disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, "It is the Lord!" As soon as Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he wrapped his outer garment around him, for he had stripped for work, and threw himself into the sea.

The other disciples came in the boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from shore, only about a hundred yards.

When they came ashore, they saw a charcoal fire there with fish on it, and bread.

Jesus said to them, "Bring some of the fish you have just caught."

So Simon Peter went aboard and hauled the net ashore, full of large fish—a hundred and fifty-three of them. And though there were so many, the net was not torn.

Jesus said to them, "Come and have breakfast." None of the disciples dared to ask him, "Who are you?" for they knew it was the Lord.

Jesus came, took the bread, and gave it to them, and the fish as well.

This was now the third time Jesus revealed himself to the disciples after he was raised from the dead.

When they had finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you love me more than these?" "Yes, Lord," he said, "you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my lambs."

A second time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" "Yes, Lord," he said, "you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Take care of my sheep."

A third time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you love me?" Peter was grieved that Jesus asked him a third time, "Do you love me?" and he said, "Lord, you know everything; you know that I love you." Jesus said to him, "Feed my sheep.

"Truly, truly, I tell you: when you were younger, you dressed yourself and went wherever you wanted. But when you are old, you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and carry you where you do not want to go."

He said this to show by what kind of death Peter would glorify God. Then he said to him, "Follow me."

Peter turned and saw the disciple whom Jesus loved following them—the one who had leaned back against Jesus at the supper and asked, "Lord, who is going to betray you?"

When Peter saw him, he said to Jesus, "Lord, what about him?"

Jesus answered, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you? You follow me."

So the word spread among the brothers that this disciple would not die. Yet Jesus had not said that he would not die, but, "If I want him to remain until I come, what is that to you?"

This is the disciple who testifies to these things and who wrote them down, and we know that his testimony is true.

There are many other things that Jesus did. If every one of them were written down, I suppose the world itself could not contain the books that would be written.

Nachschlagen

Zusammenfassung2

Kapitel 21

Main Theme: Jesus reveals himself to the disciples after his resurrection and reinstates Peter in ministry.

Content: After a fruitless night of fishing, Jesus meets the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias and gives them a miraculous catch of 153 fish. During a meal that Jesus has prepared, he asks Peter three times if he loves him and entrusts him with the task of being a shepherd to his sheep. Jesus hints at how Peter will die and corrects a misunderstanding concerning the disciple whom he loved. The chapter confirms this disciple’s testimony as true.

Key Words/Images:

The Catch of Fish (153 fish): Symbolizes abundance and the disciples’ mission as fishers of men under Jesus’ leadership.
The Meal: As host, Jesus shows care and fellowship with the disciples after his resurrection.
"Do you love me?" (three times): Peter’s threefold affirmation corresponds to his threefold denial and marks his restoration.
The Shepherd Commission: Peter is given responsibility to tend Jesus’ lambs and sheep—a picture of spiritual leadership in the church.
"Follow me": Jesus’ call to discipleship, regardless of another person’s fate.

Historischer Kontext

People

Simon Peter stands central in this chapter, especially in the restoration conversation with Jesus (vv. 15-17). Peter's triple affirmation of his love for Jesus mirrors his triple denial before the crucifixion (John 18:15-18, 25-27). The chapter also mentions Nathanael from Cana in Galilee (Ναθαναὴλ ὁ ἀπὸ Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας, v. 2), who is mentioned only in the Gospel of John (1:45-49) and has traditionally been identified with Bartholomew in the other Gospels. The sons of Zebedee (οἱ τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, v. 2) are James and John, who were fishermen by this sea before being called as disciples.

Places

The Sea of Tiberias (θάλασσα τῆς Τιβεριάδος, v. 1) is the same as the Sea of Galilee or Lake Gennesaret. The name "Sea of Tiberias" comes from the city of Tiberias on the western shore, founded by Herod Antipas around AD 20 in honor of Emperor Tiberius.

Events and Customs

Fishing at night (v. 3) was common practice on the Sea of Galilee because many fish species, especially tilapia (Arabic: musht), are more active and easier to catch in the dark. Night fishing with cast nets or drift nets was an established technique among Galilean fishermen. The meal Jesus prepares on the shore (vv. 9-13) – grilled fish and bread over charcoal fire (ἀνθρακιά) – reflects typical Galilean diet. The Greek word ἀνθρακιά appears only here and in 18:18 (during Peter's denial), creating a deliberate literary connection between the two scenes.

Key Terms

The conversation between Jesus and Peter (vv. 15-17) uses two different Greek words for love: ἀγαπάω (agapaō) and φιλέω (phileō). Jesus asks twice with ἀγαπᾷς με ("do you love me?"), while Peter answers with φιλῶ σε. The third time, Jesus uses φιλεῖς, Peter's own word. Some interpret this as a meaningful nuance – either that Peter does not dare to claim the highest form of love, or that the words are used as synonyms for literary variation, which was common in Koine Greek.

The expressions βόσκε τὰ ἀρνία μου ("feed my lambs") and ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου ("tend my sheep") use shepherd terminology deeply rooted in Jewish leadership understanding (cf. Ezek 34, Ps 23). The distinction between ἀρνία (lambs) and πρόβατα (sheep) may indicate care for the entire flock – both new and mature believers.

Chapter-Specific Findings

The number 153 fish (v. 11) has generated many interpretations throughout history. Jerome (c. 347-420) claimed that Greek zoologists believed there were 153 species of fish, but this is not confirmed in ancient sources. Mathematically, 153 is a triangular number (the sum of 1-17) and was known in Pythagorean tradition. Others see it as a symbol of universality – all nations gathered in the church's net. Most likely, it is an eyewitness detail confirming the historicity of the narrative.

Personen6

Nathanael1 Jesus17 Zebedee1 John3 Thomas1 Peter10

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