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1 SamuelCapítulo 13

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Saul was [thirty] years old when he became king, and he reigned over Israel [forty-]two years.[^1] [^1]: The Hebrew text reads literally "Saul was a year old when he became king, and he reigned two years over Israel." A number appears to have dropped out in the copying of the text; the bracketed numbers are supplied from ancient witnesses and the wider account.
Saul chose three thousand men out of Israel: two thousand were with Saul at Michmash and in the hill country of Bethel, and a thousand were with Jonathan at Gibeah in Benjamin. The rest of the people he sent home, each to his own tent.
Jonathan struck down the Philistine garrison at Geba, and the Philistines heard of it. Then Saul had the ram's horn sounded throughout the land, saying, "Let the Hebrews hear!"
And all Israel heard the news: "Saul has struck down the Philistine garrison, and now Israel has become a stench to the Philistines." So the people were called out to join Saul at Gilgal.
The Philistines gathered to fight against Israel: thirty thousand chariots, six thousand horsemen, and troops as numerous as the sand on the seashore. They came up and camped at Michmash, east of Beth-aven.
When the men of Israel saw that they were in trouble, for the army was hard pressed, the people hid themselves in caves and thickets, among rocks, in vaults and cisterns.
Some Hebrews even crossed the Jordan into the land of Gad and Gilead. Saul was still at Gilgal, and all the people who followed him were trembling.
He waited seven days, the time Samuel had set, but Samuel did not come to Gilgal, and the people began to slip away from him.
So Saul said, "Bring me the burnt offering and the fellowship offerings." And he offered up the burnt offering.
Just as he finished offering the burnt offering, Samuel arrived, and Saul went out to meet him and greet him.
Samuel said, "What have you done?" Saul answered, "When I saw that the people were slipping away from me, and that you did not come at the appointed time, and that the Philistines were massing at Michmash,
I thought, 'Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not sought the LORD's favor.' So I forced myself and offered the burnt offering."
Samuel said to Saul, "You have acted foolishly. You have not kept the command the LORD your God gave you. If you had, the LORD would have established your kingdom over Israel forever.
But now your kingdom will not endure. The LORD has sought out a man after his own heart and appointed him ruler over his people, because you have not kept what the LORD commanded you."
Then Samuel set out and went up from Gilgal to Gibeah in Benjamin. Saul mustered the troops who were with him, about six hundred men.
Saul, his son Jonathan, and the troops with them were stationed at Geba in Benjamin, while the Philistines camped at Michmash.
Raiders went out from the Philistine camp in three companies. One turned toward Ophrah, in the land of Shual;
another turned toward Beth-horon; and the third turned toward the border overlooking the Valley of Zeboim, facing the wilderness.
No blacksmith could be found anywhere in the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said, "The Hebrews must not be allowed to make swords or spears!"
So all Israel had to go down to the Philistines to have their plowshares, mattocks, axes, and sickles sharpened.
The charge was two-thirds of a shekel for sharpening plowshares and mattocks, and a third of a shekel for pitchforks and axes, and for resetting a goad.[^1] [^1]: The Hebrew names a weight called a *pim*, about two-thirds of a shekel. This verse is difficult, and the weights given are estimates.
So on the day of battle not a sword or spear could be found in the hand of any of the men with Saul and Jonathan; only Saul and his son Jonathan had them.
And a detachment of Philistines went out to the pass at Michmash.
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