1 ChroniquesChapitre 8

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Benjamin fathered Bela his firstborn, Ashbel the second, Aharah the third,

Nohah the fourth, and Rapha the fifth.

Bela had sons: Addar, Gera, Abihud,

Abishua, Naaman, Ahoah,

Gera, Shephuphan, and Huram.

These are the sons of Ehud, who were heads of families among the inhabitants of Geba and were deported to Manahath:

Naaman, Ahijah, and Gera — it was Gera who deported them — and he fathered Uzza and Ahihud.

Shaharaim fathered children in the country of Moab after he had sent away his wives Hushim and Baara.

By his wife Hodesh he fathered Jobab, Zibia, Mesha, Malcam,

Jeuz, Sachiah, and Mirmah. These were his sons, heads of families.

By Hushim he had fathered Abitub and Elpaal.

The sons of Elpaal: Eber, Misham, and Shemed, who built Ono and Lod with its surrounding villages;

also Beriah and Shema, who were heads of families among the inhabitants of Aijalon and who drove out the inhabitants of Gath.

Ahio, Shashak, Jeremoth,

Zebadiah, Arad, Eder,

Michael, Ishpah, and Joha were the sons of Beriah.

Zebadiah, Meshullam, Hizki, Heber,

Ishmerai, Izliah, and Jobab were the sons of Elpaal.

Jakim, Zichri, Zabdi,

Elienai, Zillethai, Eliel,

Adaiah, Beraiah, and Shimrath were the sons of Shimei.

Ishpan, Eber, Eliel,

Abdon, Zichri, Hanan,

Hananiah, Elam, Anthothijah,

Iphdeiah, and Penuel were the sons of Shashak.

Shamsherai, Shehariah, Athaliah,

Jaareshiah, Elijah, and Zichri were the sons of Jeroham.

These were heads of families, chiefs according to their generations; they lived in Jerusalem.

In Gibeon lived Jeiel, the father of Gibeon, whose wife's name was Maacah.[^1] [^1]: The name Jeiel is supplied from the parallel list later in this book; the Hebrew here reads simply "the father of Gibeon."

His firstborn son was Abdon, then Zur, Kish, Baal, Nadab,

Gedor, Ahio, and Zecher.

Mikloth fathered Shimeah. These also lived opposite their kinsmen in Jerusalem, along with their kinsmen.

Ner fathered Kish, Kish fathered Saul, and Saul fathered Jonathan, Malchishua, Abinadab, and Eshbaal.[^1] [^1]: Eshbaal is called Ish-bosheth in the books of Samuel.

The son of Jonathan was Merib-baal, and Merib-baal fathered Micah.[^1] [^1]: Merib-baal is called Mephibosheth in the books of Samuel.

The sons of Micah: Pithon, Melech, Tarea, and Ahaz.

Ahaz fathered Jehoaddah; Jehoaddah fathered Alemeth, Azmaveth, and Zimri; and Zimri fathered Moza.

Moza fathered Binea; Raphah was his son, Eleasah his son, Azel his son.

Azel had six sons, and these are their names: Azrikam, Bocheru, Ishmael, Sheariah, Obadiah, and Hanan. All these were the sons of Azel.

The sons of Eshek his brother: Ulam his firstborn, Jeush the second, and Eliphelet the third.

The sons of Ulam were mighty warriors, archers who drew the bow, and they had many sons and grandsons, one hundred and fifty in all. All these were among the sons of Benjamin.

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Résumé2

Chapitre 8

Main Theme: A detailed genealogy of the tribe of Benjamin, with special emphasis on Saul's royal lineage.

Content: The chapter lists Benjamin's descendants through several branches, including the families of Bela, Ehud, Shaharajim, and Elpaal. Several family heads settled in cities such as Geba, Ono, Lod, Aijalon, and Jerusalem. The most important genealogical line runs from Ner to Kish to Saul, and further through Jonathan to his descendants. The chapter concludes with the sons of Ulam, described as brave archers with 150 descendants.

Key Words/Images:

Family Heads (רָאשֵׁי אָבוֹת): Leaders who organized the tribe's structure and settlement in various cities.
Saul's Lineage: The royal line from Benjamin that establishes the tribe's historical significance for Israel's first kingdom.
Archers (דֹּרְכֵי קֶשֶׁת): Ulam's descendants are described as brave warriors, highlighting Benjamin's military strength.

Contexte historique

Historical and Cultural Context for 1 Chronicles 8

People

The chapter provides an extended genealogy for the tribe of Benjamin, with special emphasis on the lineage of King Saul (vv. 33–40). This genealogy is repeated almost word-for-word in 1 Chron 9:35–44. The name "Eshbaal" (אֶשְׁבָּעַל, v. 33) is notable—it is the original form of the name that was changed to "Ish-boshet" in the books of Samuel (2 Sam 2:8), where "baal" was replaced with "boshet" (shame) to avoid associations with the Canaanite god. Similarly, "Merib-baal" (מְרִיב בָּעַל, v. 34) is used instead of "Mephibosheth." Here, Chronicles preserves these older, authentic name forms. Ulam's descendants are described as "mighty warriors, archers" (v. 40), reflecting the well-known reputation of the tribe of Benjamin as skilled archers (Judg 20:16; 1 Chron 12:2).

Places

The chapter mentions several geographical locations. Geba (גֶּבַע, v. 6) and Gibeon (גִּבְעוֹן, v. 29) were both Benjaminite towns north of Jerusalem. Manahath (מָנָחַת, v. 6) was likely a town in the area of Judah (cf. 1 Chron 2:54) to which some Benjaminites migrated or were relocated. The fields of Moab (שְׂדֵה מוֹאָב, v. 8) indicate that the Benjaminite Shaharaim had children while staying in Moab—evidence of contact between Israelites and Moabites. Ono and Lod (v. 12) were towns in the coastal plain that Benjaminites built or rebuilt. Aijalon (v. 13) was located in the Shephelah region, and the text notes that Benjaminites drove out the inhabitants of Gath—a reference to conflict with the Philistines.

Events and Customs

The mention that Shaharaim "sent away" (מִן־שִׁלְחוֹ אֹתָם) his wives Hushim and Baara (v. 8) suggests divorce, which was permitted under Israelite law (Deut 24:1–4). That he then had children with a new wife named Hodesh (חֹדֶשׁ, "new [moon]") in Moab shows both the practice of polygamy and marriage across ethnic boundaries. The expression "heads of fathers' houses" (רָאשֵׁי אָבוֹת), repeated throughout the chapter (vv. 6, 10, 13, 28), refers to the patriarchal clan system in which the eldest male in each family line held legal and religious authority.

Key Terms

The expression "mighty warriors" (גִּבֹּרֵי חַיִל, v. 40) denotes not only military skill but also social status as landowning, armed men with full citizenship rights. "Archers" (דֹּרְכֵי קֶשֶׁת, literally "those who tread the bow") describes the technique of using the foot to draw large composite bows—a hallmark of Benjaminite warriors throughout Israel's history.

Personnages109

Akrah1 Hushim2 Joah1 Abishua1 Asmaveth1 Sokja1 Abinadab (son of Jesse, brother of David)1 Bela2 Elijah1 Refajah2 Ner (Kish's father, great-grandfather to King Saul (according to 1 Chron 8:33))1 Hananiah (Son of Zerubbabel, descendant of David)1 Sabdi1 Bina1 Ard1 Shakaraim1 Shishak2 Meshullam1 Ulam2 Jonathan2 Jeush2 Mikloth1 Malkam1 Zimri1 Shimei1 Penuel1 Naaman (Son of Benjamin)2 Ahjo2 Ba'al (Canaanite god worshipped by the Israelites)1 Nadab (Jeroboam's son, king of Israel)1 Jaareish1 Melek1 Malki-Shua1 Shuham1 Michael1 Elioenai1 Zebadiah2 Misham1 Pithom1 Zibiah1 Kish (Saul's father)2 Eliel2 Bera2 Alemet1 Baara1 Adaiah1 Jissjia1 Jerimoth1 Ashbel1 Uzzah1 Zechariah1 Zichri3 Mesha1 Mirma1 Muppim1 Bokru1 Shimea1 Ahoah1 Benjamin (Rachel's son)2 Shimrath1 Mephibosheth1 Jaddua1 Jahaziel1 Akkud1 Sheariah1 Hezekiah1 Eber3 Abihud1 Saul1 Ish-bosheth (Saul's son)1 Ishpan1 Gera3 Ahaz (son of Jotham)2 Abitub1 Ishmael1 Eliphelet1 Seker1 Ahijah1 Shamshrai1 Abdon2 Antotijah1 Ehud1 Helez1 Ishmerai1 Maacah (King of Maacah, an Aramean petty king hired by the Ammonites against David)1 Sillelai1 Eder1 Micah2 Sur1 Jiphdeh1 Asrikam1 Noah1 Shemed1 Jeroham1 Tarea1 Beraja1 Jobab2 Athaliah (mother of Ahaziah, queen)1 Moses2 Asel2 Elpaal3 Elam1 Eshak1 Hodesh1 Gedor1 Jishpa1 Arad1 Obadiah1 Hanan2

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Mots-clés8

Benjamin — Youngest son of Jacob and Rachel, founder of the tribe of Benjamin among Israel's twelve tribes.
Sons — Offspring or descendants, used to describe family relationships and inheritance.
Brothers — Siblings of the same sex, also used for close relatives or members of the same tribe.
Tribe — A group of people related through common ancestors who share a cultural and social identity.
Exile — The state of being forced to leave one's homeland, often as a result of war, persecution, or punishment.
Return — To go back to a former place, especially to the homeland after exile.
Firstborn — The first person born into a family, often given special rights and responsibilities according to tradition and culture.
Rulers — Persons who have authority and power over others, often as leaders or kings.