EzequielCapítulo 35

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The word of the LORD came to me:

Son of man, set your face against Mount Seir and prophesy against it.

Say to it: This is what the Lord GOD says: I am against you, Mount Seir. I will stretch out my hand against you and make you a desolate waste.

I will turn your cities into ruins, and you will be desolate. Then you will know that I am the LORD.

Because you harbored a hatred that never ends and handed the Israelites over to the sword in the time of their disaster, at the time of their final punishment,

therefore, as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I will give you over to bloodshed, and bloodshed will pursue you. Since you did not hate bloodshed, bloodshed will pursue you.

I will make Mount Seir a desolate waste and cut off from it all who come and go.

I will fill its mountains with the slain; those killed by the sword will fall on your hills, in your valleys, and in all your ravines.

I will make you a wasteland forever; your cities will not be inhabited. Then you will know that I am the LORD.

Because you said, "The two nations and the two lands will be mine, and we will take possession of them"—though the LORD was there—

therefore, as I live, declares the Lord GOD, I will deal with you according to the anger and jealousy you showed in your hatred of them, and I will make myself known among them when I judge you.

Then you will know that I, the LORD, have heard every contemptuous word you spoke against the mountains of Israel, saying, "They are laid waste; they have been handed over to us to devour."

You boasted against me with your mouth and multiplied your words against me. I heard it.

This is what the Lord GOD says: While the whole earth rejoices, I will make you desolate.

Just as you rejoiced when the inheritance of the house of Israel was laid waste, so I will do to you. You will be desolate, Mount Seir, you and all Edom, every bit of it. Then they will know that I am the LORD.

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Resumen2

Capítulo 35

Main Theme: A prophecy of God's judgment against Mount Seir (Edom) because of their perpetual enmity toward Israel.

Content: God commands Ezekiel to prophesy against Mount Seir and announces total destruction. The accusations are Edom's eternal hatred, that they handed over the Israelites to the sword in their time of distress, and that they claimed ownership over Israel and Judah—even though the Lord was there. As punishment, the mountain will become an everlasting desolation, filled with the slain, and its cities will lie in ruins. The goal is that all will know that the Lord is God.

Key Words/Images:

Mount Seir: A geographical term for Edom, the descendants of Esau and Israel's neighboring people to the south.
Perpetual enmity (אֵיבַת עוֹלָם): Edom's long-standing hatred toward Israel, stretching back to Jacob and Esau.
Blood (דָּם): Edom's guilt in shedding blood; those who do not hate blood will be pursued by blood.
"The two peoples and the two lands": Edom's claim over both Israel and Judah as their territory.
Recognition formula: "They/you shall know that I am the Lord" – repeated four times as the purpose of judgment.

Contexto histórico

Places

Mount Seir (הַר שֵׂעִיר)

Mount Seir is the geographic heartland of the Edomites, extending southeast of the Dead Sea from Wadi Zered in the north to the Gulf of Aqaba in the south. The name "Seir" means "hairy" or "wooded" in Hebrew, referring to the character of this mountainous region. In this chapter, "Mount Seir" and "Edom" are used synonymously (v. 15), showing that this is a judgment against the entire Edomite nation. The area was known for its mountain gorges and cliffs, with Petra as its most famous city. The prophecy of total destruction ("an everlasting desolation," v. 9) was fulfilled as the Edomites gradually disappeared from this region in the centuries that followed.

Events and Customs

Edom's Hostility During Jerusalem's Fall

The chapter refers directly to "everlasting enmity" (אֵיבַת עוֹלָם, v. 5) and Edom's concrete actions during Jerusalem's destruction in 586 BC. The phrase "you delivered the children of Israel to the sword at their time of calamity, when wickedness came to an end" points to the Edomites' active participation as the Babylonians attacked. Historical sources and parallel prophetic texts (Obadiah, Lamentations 4:21-22, Psalm 137:7) confirm that the Edomites exploited Judah's vulnerable situation, blocked escape routes, and even handed over refugees to the Babylonians.

"The Two Peoples and the Two Lands" (v. 10)

Edom's declaration that "the two peoples and the two lands shall be mine" reflects their territorial ambitions after both Israel's fall (722 BC) and Judah's fall (586 BC). With both Israelite kingdoms destroyed and the population deported, the Edomites saw an opportunity to expand northward. The theological point is that God was "there" (וַֽיהוָ֖ה שָׁ֥ם הָיָֽה) – the land's true owner had not abandoned it, even though the people were in exile.

Key Concepts

The Blood Motif (דָּם)

The word "blood" (דָּם) appears four times in verse 6 alone, creating a powerful literary effect. The phrase "I will make you into blood, and blood shall pursue you" is a talionic judgment (retribution). The expression אִם־לֹא דָם שָׂנֵאתָ ("if you did not hate blood") is grammatically difficult and interpreted differently. Many translate it as an affirmative oath: "Truly, since you hated blood" (that is, hatred of your own people or kinship with Israel), or as an ironic observation that Edom did not abhor bloodshed. The blood that "pursues" (יִרְדֲּפֶךָ) creates an image of inevitable retribution, where the violence Edom committed turns back upon them.

Mocking and Arrogance (נָאָצוֹת)

The noun "mockery" or "insults" (נָאָצוֹת, v. 12) describes Edom's verbal abuse against God Himself by mocking His land and people. Combined with "greatness" (וַתַּגְדִּילוּ, v. 13) – literally "to make oneself great" – this shows that Edom's sin was not merely political opportunism but theological arrogance toward the God of Israel.

Chapter-Specific Findings

Archaeological investigations in former Edom (today's southern Jordan) show a gradual decline in settlement from the 5th century BC onward. Inscriptions from Arad and other places document Edomite infiltration into southern Judah (the Negev) after 586 BC, confirming their territorial expansion. The Nabataeans gradually took over Edomite lands from the 4th century BC, and the original Edomites were pushed westward to "Idumea" – precisely the "everlasting desolation" that the prophecy predicted for their homeland.

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Palabras clave10

Edom — A region and a people in the ancient Middle East, often associated with the descendants of Esau's tribe.
Enemies — Persons or groups who are opposed to, resist, or show hostility toward something or someone.
The Lord — A title used to refer to God, the Almighty Creator, in religious texts.
Prophecy — A message or revelation from God, usually delivered through a prophet, concerning future events or divine will.
Wrath — Intense anger, often linked to God's response to human sin or rebellion.
Destruction — The process of completely destroying something, often in the context of God's punishment or judgment upon a nation or people.
Bloodguilt — Guilt or responsibility for killing, especially regarding violent conflicts between peoples or nations.
Mountainous Land — A geographical area characterized by mountains and highlands; here it refers to Edom's territory.
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