JobCapítulo 36

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Elihu continued and said:

Bear with me a little, and I will show you, for I still have something to say on God's behalf.

I will bring my knowledge from far away and ascribe righteousness to my Maker.

For truly, my words are no lie; one perfect in knowledge stands before you.

Look, God is mighty, yet he despises no one; he is mighty in strength of understanding.

He does not let the wicked live, but grants justice to the afflicted.

He does not turn his eyes from the righteous; he seats them with kings on the throne forever, and they are lifted high.

But if they are bound in chains, held fast in cords of affliction,

then he declares to them what they have done—their transgressions, how they have grown proud.

He opens their ears to discipline and commands them to turn from wrongdoing.

If they listen and serve him, they will finish their days in prosperity and their years in pleasant things.

But if they do not listen, they will perish by the sword and die without knowledge.

The godless in heart nurse their anger; they do not cry for help when he binds them.

They die in their youth, and their life ends among the temple prostitutes.

But he rescues the afflicted through their affliction and opens their ears through oppression.

He would also draw you out of distress into a broad place with no constraint, and your table would be spread with rich food.

But you are full of the judgment due the wicked; judgment and justice have taken hold of you.

Beware that wrath does not lure you into scoffing, and let no great ransom turn you aside.

Will your cry for help avail you in distress, or all your mustered strength?

Do not long for the night, when peoples are swept away in their place.

Take care, do not turn to wrongdoing, for you have chosen this rather than affliction.

Look, God is exalted in his power; who is a teacher like him?

Who has prescribed his way for him, or who has said, "You have done wrong"?

Remember to magnify his work, which people have praised in song.

All humanity has looked upon it; mortals gaze on it from afar.

Look, God is great beyond our knowing; the number of his years is past all searching.

He draws up the drops of water; they filter down as rain from his mist,

which the clouds pour down, showering abundantly on all mankind.

Who can understand the spreading of the clouds, the thunder of his pavilion?

See how he spreads his lightning around him and covers the roots of the sea.

By these he judges the peoples and gives food in abundance.

He covers his hands with the lightning and commands it to strike the mark.

His thunder announces his coming; even the cattle sense the rising storm.

Consulta

Resumen2

Capítulo 36

Main Theme: Elihu defends God's righteous rule and points to His incomprehensible greatness in creation.

Content: Elihu asserts that God is just – He punishes the wicked and grants justice to the poor. Suffering is used by God to reveal human sins and call people to repentance; those who listen will live in blessing, while those who reject Him will perish. Elihu warns Job against turning to bitterness and concludes by lifting his gaze toward God's unfathomable greatness displayed through nature's forces – rain, clouds, and lightning.

Key Words/Images:

Suffering as discipline – God uses distress to open people's ears to correction and call them back from sin (vv. 8–10, 15).
The consequences of choice – Those who obey God complete their days in prosperity; those who do not listen perish in ignorance (vv. 11–12).
Rain and clouds – God controls the water cycle and demonstrates His power through natural phenomena (vv. 27–28).
God's unfathomability – God is exalted, and the number of His years cannot be explored (v. 26).

Contexto histórico

Key Concepts

Chapter 36 contains several Hebrew words and expressions that require further explanation. The word "כַּבִּיר" (kabbir) in verse 5, meaning "mighty" or "great," is a rare term in the Old Testament and occurs mainly in the book of Job. It emphasizes God's overwhelming greatness and power. Elihu also uses the expression "תְּמִים דֵּעוֹת" (temim de'ot) in verse 4, which can be translated as "perfect in knowledge." This phrase may be understood to mean that Elihu claims to speak on behalf of one who possesses perfect knowledge (God), or it could serve as a rhetorical demand for sincerity in his speech.

In verse 14 we find the expression "בַּקְּדֵשִׁים" (baqqedeshim), often translated as "temple prostitutes" or "cultic prostitutes." The term קָדֵשׁ (qadesh) refers to persons associated with pagan cults, possibly involving sexual rituals, although the exact practice remains debated among scholars. Elihu uses this as an example of a shameful death—dying among such people represented moral decay.

Events and Customs

Elihu's description of the water cycle in verses 27–28 is remarkable. He portrays how God "draws up drops of water" which then "fall down as rain." This presents a poetic depiction of the water cycle attributed to God's direct activity, consistent with ancient Near Eastern cosmology where natural processes were understood as expressions of divine action. In the ancient Middle East, control over weather was a central characteristic of divinity—both the Canaanite god Baal and the Babylonian Marduk were worshipped as storm gods.

Verse 18 warns against letting "ransom" (כֹּפֶר, kofer) lead one astray. In ancient Israel, ransom was generally forbidden in cases of murder (Numbers 35:31), but the concept of compensation was known within the broader context of restitution law. Elihu uses this image to warn Job against believing that wealth can buy freedom from God's judgment.

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Palabras clave7

Elihu — A young man who speaks in the book of Job and defends God's righteousness and wisdom.
Righteousness — Ethical principles and actions that align with God's will and moral standards.
Wisdom — The ability to use knowledge and experience in a reasonable and insightful way, especially in relation to God and His ways.
Listen — To be attentive and receive information or counsel from others, particularly from God or His spokespeople.
Discipline — Correction or punishment intended to amend and improve behavior, often viewed as part of God's educational process.
Humility — A virtue that involves recognizing one's own limitations and submitting to God's will and authority.
Retribution — The act of returning evil for evil, often in the context of God's just judgment upon human sins.