SalmosCapítulo 77

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For the choirmaster. According to Jeduthun. A psalm of Asaph.

I cry aloud to God, I cry aloud to God, and he will hear me.

In the day of my distress I sought the Lord; through the night I stretched out my hands and would not grow weary; my soul refused to be comforted.

I remembered God, and I groaned; I pondered, and my spirit grew faint. Selah

You held my eyelids open; I was too troubled to speak.

I thought about the days of old, the years long past.

In the night I remembered my song; I pondered in my heart, and my spirit searched:

Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never show favor again?

Has his steadfast love vanished for all time? Has his promise failed for all generations?

Has God forgotten to be gracious? Has he shut off his mercy in anger? Selah

Then I said, "This is what wounds me: that the right hand of the Most High has changed."

I will remember the deeds of the LORD;* yes, I will remember your wonders of old. [*Hebrew: Yah, a shortened form of the divine name.]

I will meditate on all your work and consider all your mighty deeds.

Your way, O God, is holy. What god is as great as God?

You are the God who works wonders; you made your strength known among the peoples.

With your arm you redeemed your people, the descendants of Jacob and Joseph. Selah

The waters saw you, O God, the waters saw you and writhed; the very depths were shaken.

The clouds poured down water, the skies resounded with thunder; your arrows flashed back and forth.

The sound of your thunder was in the whirlwind, your lightning lit up the world; the earth trembled and quaked.

Your way was through the sea, your path through the mighty waters, though your footprints were unseen.

You led your people like a flock by the hand of Moses and Aaron.

Consulta

Resumen2

Capítulo 77

Main Theme: A lament in which the psalmist moves from deep despair to renewed trust by remembering God’s mighty acts of salvation.

Content: The psalmist cries out to God in distress and finds no comfort, troubled by sleeplessness and heavy questions about whether God’s faithfulness has ceased. The turning point comes when he resolves to remember God’s miraculous deeds from the past. The psalm culminates in a poetic description of God’s power at the Red Sea, where He led His people out of Egypt through the hands of Moses and Aaron.

Key Words/Images:

God’s right hand (v.11): A symbol of God’s saving power and intervention in history.
The waters trembled (vv.17–19): A poetic theophany describing nature’s response to God’s presence at the Red Sea.
The Shepherd (v.21): God leads His people as a shepherd leads his flock, through Moses and Aaron.

Contexto histórico

Historical and Cultural Context for Psalms 77

People

The psalm is linked to Asaph (אָסָף), one of the leading singers appointed by David for temple service (1 Chron 16:5). The heading also mentions Jeduthun (יְדוּתוּן), another leading temple singer (1 Chron 16:41-42), indicating that the psalm was to be performed in his musical tradition or by his choir.

At the conclusion of the psalm, Moses and Aaron (v. 20) are mentioned as shepherds for the people during the exodus from Egypt. These two represent respectively the prophetic and priestly leadership that God used to deliver His people.

Events and Customs

The second half of the psalm (vv. 16-20) contains a poetic retelling of the Red Sea miracle (Exod 14), where the waters are personified as if they saw God and trembled in fear. This description uses theophanic language—thunder, lightning, earthquake—which was typical for descriptions of divine revelations in the ancient Near East. Similar portrayals of storms as divine weapons appear in Canaanite and Mesopotamian literature, but here these phenomena are entirely subordinate to Israel's God.

The expression "your footprints were not known" (v. 19) reflects the idea that God acts in history in ways that transcend human understanding—the sea closed behind the people, leaving no physical traces.

The expression "the sons of Jacob and Joseph" (בְּנֵי־יַעֲקֹב וְיוֹסֵף, v. 15) is an unusual formulation that encompasses all Israel. Joseph is likely mentioned separately because his descendants formed the prominent northern tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh.

Key Terms

The Hebrew word חֶסֶד (ḥesed, "steadfast love/mercy") in verse 8 is a central covenant term expressing God's enduring loyalty toward His people. The psalmist's question about whether this mercy has "ceased forever" reveals the depth of the crisis.

The expression שְׁנוֹת יְמִין עֶלְיוֹן ("the years of the right hand of the Most High," v. 10) is textually debated. The word חַלּוֹתִי earlier in the verse can mean either "my weakness/pain" or "change," which affects the understanding of the entire sentence. "Right hand" symbolized power and deliverance in Hebrew thought.

בַּגַּלְגַּל (baggalgal, "in the whirlwind/wheel," v. 18) may refer to the rolling thunder across the sky, a powerful image of God's voice in the storm.

Personas6

Ethan1 Aaron1 Asaph1 Joseph1 Jacob1 Moses1

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Palabras clave7

God — The Almighty Creator who, according to Genesis, created heaven, earth, and all life.
Cry out — To express oneself loudly and passionately, especially in prayer or distress.
Night — Darkness or the period between sunset and sunrise, often associated with sorrow, loneliness, or fear.
Hand — Symbolizes God's power and protection, as well as his ability to act in the world.
Miracles — Supernatural acts performed by God that demonstrate his power and love.
Lord — A title showing respect and awe for God, acknowledging his sovereignty and authority.
Salvation — God's action to save or deliver people from sin, evil, and death.