JeremíasCapítulo 28

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That same year, at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, in the fourth year, in the fifth month, the prophet Hananiah son of Azzur, who was from Gibeon, said to me in the house of the LORD, in the presence of the priests and all the people:

"This is what the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, says: I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon.

Within two years I will bring back to this place all the vessels of the LORD's house that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon took from this place and carried to Babylon.

And I will bring back to this place Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, and all the exiles of Judah who went to Babylon, declares the LORD, for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon."

Then the prophet Jeremiah answered the prophet Hananiah in the presence of the priests and all the people who were standing in the house of the LORD.

The prophet Jeremiah said, "Amen! May the LORD do so. May the LORD fulfill the words you have prophesied and bring back the vessels of the LORD's house and all the exiles from Babylon to this place.

But listen now to this word I speak in your hearing and in the hearing of all the people:

The prophets who came before me and before you from ancient times prophesied war, disaster, and plague against many lands and great kingdoms.

As for the prophet who prophesies peace, only when his word comes true will it be known that the LORD has truly sent him."

Then the prophet Hananiah took the yoke off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah and broke it,

and Hananiah said in the presence of all the people, "This is what the LORD says: In just this way, within two years, I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon off the neck of all the nations." And the prophet Jeremiah went on his way.

After the prophet Hananiah had broken the yoke off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah:

"Go and tell Hananiah: This is what the LORD says: You have broken yokes of wood, but in their place you have made yokes of iron.

For this is what the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, says: I have put an iron yoke on the neck of all these nations, to make them serve Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and serve him they will. I have even given him the wild animals."

Then the prophet Jeremiah said to the prophet Hananiah, "Listen, Hananiah! The LORD has not sent you, yet you have made this people trust in a lie.

Therefore this is what the LORD says: I am about to remove you from the face of the earth. This very year you will die, because you have spoken rebellion against the LORD."

And the prophet Hananiah died that same year, in the seventh month.

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Resumen2

Capítulo 28

Main Theme: The confrontation between the true prophet Jeremiah and the false prophet Hananiah regarding Babylonian domination.

Content: In the fourth year of King Zedekiah's reign, Hananiah prophesied in the temple that God would break the yoke of Babylon within two years and restore the temple articles and the exiles. Jeremiah responded that prophets have traditionally proclaimed judgment, and a prophecy of peace is only confirmed when it comes to pass. Hananiah symbolically broke the wooden yoke from Jeremiah's neck, but God replied that the wooden yoke would be replaced by an iron yoke. Jeremiah declared that Hananiah would die because he had spoken rebellion against the Lord, and Hananiah died that same year in the seventh month.

Key Words/Images:

The Yoke (mottah): A symbol of Babylonian domination; the wooden yoke that was broken is replaced by an iron yoke as a sign that submission will become heavier.
False Prophet: Hananiah spoke in the Lord's name without being sent by Him, giving the people false hope.
Two Years: Hananiah's deadline for deliverance, which would not be fulfilled.
True Prophecy: Jeremiah teaches that a prophecy of peace is confirmed only by its fulfillment, whereas prophecies of judgment have a long tradition.

Contexto histórico

People

Hananiah son of Azzur from Gibeon (חֲנַנְיָה בֶן־עַזּוּר) is the central opponent in this chapter. He is presented as a prophet (נָבִיא, navi), but Jeremiah exposes him as a false prophet. The name Hananiah (חֲנַנְיָה) means "the Lord has shown favor," an ironic name given his false message of imminent deliverance. That he was from Gibeon, a Levitical city in the tribe of Benjamin (Joshua 21:17), likely gave him some religious authority. Gibeon lay only about 10 km northwest of Jerusalem and was known as an important cultic site.

Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim (יְכָנְיָה בֶן־יְהוֹיָקִים) is mentioned as the exiled king. He was deported to Babylon in 597 BC along with leading citizens and temple treasures.

Places

The house of the Lord (the temple) is the scene of the dramatic confrontation. That this takes place in the temple, before the priests and the people, underscores the seriousness and public nature of the dispute. The temple served as a natural forum for prophetic proclamation, and Hananiah’s message about the imminent return of the temple treasures would have had special resonance in that setting.

Events and Customs

The chapter contains a powerful prophetic sign (אוֹת, ot). The yoke (מוֹטָה, mota) that Jeremiah wore (see chapter 27) was a concrete symbolic act illustrating submission to Babylon. When Hananiah breaks this yoke, he performs a counter-action intended to symbolize the collapse of Babylon’s power. Such symbolic acts were common in prophetic practice throughout the ancient Near East—the action was understood as setting in motion what it symbolized. The Lord’s response through Jeremiah—that the wooden yoke is replaced by an iron yoke—shows that Hananiah’s action actually worsened the situation rather than improving it.

Key Terms

The term סָרָה (sara) in verse 16, meaning "rebellion" or "apostasy," is a strong expression denoting religious treachery. The same word is used in Deuteronomy 13:6 concerning false prophets who lead the people away from the Lord. The judgment against Hananiah—death within two months (from the fifth to the seventh month)—follows the pattern of Deuteronomy 18:20–22, where a prophet’s death confirms that he spoke on his own initiative.

The time reference "two years" (שְׁנָתַיִם יָמִים, shnatayim yamim) in Hananiah’s prophecy stands in sharp contrast to Jeremiah’s message of 70 years of exile (Jeremiah 25:11–12; 29:10). This was the core of the theological conflict between the two prophets.

Personas7

Jehoiakim (son of Josiah)1 Hananiah (Son of Zerubbabel, descendant of David)8 Nebuchadnezzar3 Jeremiah6 Zedekiah (son of Kenaanah, prophet under Ahab)1 Azur1 Jehoiachin (son of Jehoiakim)1

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Palabras clave10

Prophet — A person who conveys messages from God to people, often about future events or warnings.
Jeremiah — The prophet who is the main character in the book of Jeremiah and who delivers God's message to the people of Israel.
Hananiah — A false prophet who contradicts Jeremiah's prophecies and gives the people false hopes that they will soon be freed from the Babylonians.
Babylon — An ancient kingdom and city in Mesopotamia that conquered Jerusalem and led many Jews into exile.
Exile — The state of being forced away from one's homeland, as the Jews experienced after Babylon conquered Jerusalem.
Deceit — An act of deception or lying, such as Hananiah commits when he presents false prophecies.
Discipline — Punishment or correction that God uses to guide his people back when they stray from his ways.
Judgment — God's righteous evaluation and punishment of human actions, which Jeremiah conveys in his prophecies.
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