2. Mooseksen kirjaLuku 6

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Then the LORD said to Moses, "Now you will see what I will do to Pharaoh: by a mighty hand he will let them go, and by a mighty hand he will drive them out of his land."

God spoke to Moses and said to him, "I am the LORD.

I appeared to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob as God Almighty, but by my name the LORD I did not make myself known to them.

I also established my covenant with them, to give them the land of Canaan, the land where they lived as strangers.

I have also heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are holding in bondage, and I have remembered my covenant.

Therefore say to the Israelites: 'I am the LORD. I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians and deliver you from their slavery. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment.

I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God, who brings you out from under the burdens of Egypt.

And I will bring you into the land I swore with uplifted hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob. I will give it to you as your possession. I am the LORD.'"

Moses reported this to the Israelites, but they would not listen to him because of their broken spirit and their cruel slavery.

Then the LORD said to Moses,

"Go, tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Israelites go out of his land."

But Moses said in the LORD's presence, "See, the Israelites have not listened to me; how then will Pharaoh listen to me, since I speak with faltering lips?"

Now the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron and gave them a charge concerning the Israelites and concerning Pharaoh king of Egypt: to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.

These were the heads of their fathers' houses: The sons of Reuben, Israel's firstborn: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. These were the clans of Reuben.

The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite woman. These were the clans of Simeon.

These were the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. Levi lived 137 years.

The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, by their clans.

The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived 133 years.

The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These were the clans of Levi according to their generations.

Amram married his father's sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses. Amram lived 137 years.

The sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri.

The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan, and Sithri.

Aaron married Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.

The sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These were the clans of the Korahites.

Eleazar son of Aaron married one of the daughters of Putiel, and she bore him Phinehas. These were the heads of the Levite families, clan by clan.

It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the LORD said, "Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by their divisions."

They were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt about bringing the Israelites out of Egypt—this same Moses and Aaron.

Now on the day the LORD spoke to Moses in the land of Egypt,

the LORD said to him, "I am the LORD. Tell Pharaoh king of Egypt everything I say to you."

But Moses said in the LORD's presence, "Since I speak with faltering lips, how will Pharaoh listen to me?"

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Luku 6

Main Theme: God confirms his covenant and his name YHWH, and renews the call to Moses and Aaron to lead Israel out of Egypt.

Content: God reveals himself to Moses with the name YHWH and reminds him of the covenant made with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob to give them the land of Canaan. He promises to deliver the Israelites with a mighty hand and great judgments, and to take them as his own people. The Israelites do not listen to Moses because of their discouragement and hard labor, and Moses doubts his ability because he has "uncircumcised lips." The chapter also includes a genealogy of the tribe of Levi that places Moses and Aaron within their ancestral line.

Key Words/Images:

YHWH (vv. 2–3): God's covenant name now revealed in its full meaning, distinct from El Shaddai known by the patriarchs.
Uncircumcised lips (vv. 12, 30): Moses' expression of his sense of inadequacy as a speaker.
Mighty hand (v. 6): A picture of God's powerful intervention to deliver his people.
Genealogy of Levi (vv. 14–25): Documents the ancestry of Moses and Aaron and validates their leadership.

Historiallinen konteksti

Historical and Cultural Context for Exodus 6

People

This chapter presents a detailed genealogy of the tribe of Levi, with special focus on the lineage of Moses and Aaron. Amram married his aunt Jochebed (v. 20), which was permitted in this early period but later forbidden under the Mosaic Law (Lev 18:12–13). The genealogy serves to legitimize the Levitical priesthood and demonstrate the authority of Moses and Aaron.

The sons of Aaron are named: Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar (v. 23). Phinehas, son of Eleazar, is also mentioned (v. 25). The genealogy begins with Reuben and Simeon (vv. 14–15)—the two eldest brothers—before focusing on the tribe of Levi (the third son), following the traditional birth order of Jacob’s sons up to the relevant tribe.

Key Terms

"I am the LORD" (אֲנִי יְהוָה) is repeated several times and frames God’s promises in verses 6–8. This expression emphasizes God’s sovereign authority and covenant faithfulness. The divine name YHWH is revealed here in a new dimension—the patriarchs knew God as El Shaddai (בְּאֵל שַׁדָּי, "God Almighty"), but now the name YHWH is to be understood through the act of salvation.

The phrase "uncircumcised lips" (עֲרַל שְׂפָתָיִם) in verses 12 and 30 is a Hebrew idiom meaning speech difficulties or lack of eloquence. The term "uncircumcised" is used metaphorically for something hindered or inadequate—the same expression is applied to the heart (Lev 26:41) and ears (Jer 6:10).

"Shortness of spirit" (מִקֹּצֶר רוּחַ) in verse 9 literally means "shortness of breath"—an expression for exhaustion and discouragement resulting from brutal slave labor. The combination of physical fatigue and spiritual despair made the Israelites unable to receive the message of hope.

Events and Customs

The promises of deliverance in verses 6–8 ("I will bring you out," "I will rescue you," "I will redeem you," "I will take you as my people") form a structured covenant formula resembling ancient Near Eastern treaty forms. These promises later became central to Jewish Passover liturgy, where four cups of wine are traditionally linked to the four statements of deliverance.

"With an outstretched arm and great judgments" (בִּזְרוֹעַ נְטוּיָה וּבִשְׁפָטִים גְּדֹלִים) is imagery often used in Egyptian royal inscriptions to describe Pharaoh’s military power. Here, the expressions are applied ironically to YHWH, who will defeat Pharaoh with the very kind of power the Egyptians boasted about. Archaeological finds of Egyptian reliefs show Pharaoh with a raised arm striking down enemies—now the God of Israel will demonstrate true power.

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Avainsanat10

Lord — The name used for God in the Old Testament, referring to his authority and power.
Covenant — An agreement or promise between God and people, especially with the nation of Israel.
Children of Israel — The term for the descendants of Jacob (also called Israel), who make up the twelve tribes of ancient Israel.
Egypt — The land where the children of Israel were slaves under the Egyptian pharaoh.
Moses — The prophet and leader whom God chose to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt and into the promised land.
Aaron — Moses' brother and spokesman, who helped him confront Pharaoh and lead the children of Israel out of Egypt.
Pharaoh — The Egyptian king who held the children of Israel as slaves and refused to let them go.
Plagues — The ten disasters that God sent upon Egypt to punish Pharaoh and his people, and to make them release the children of Israel.
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