Johanneksen evankeliumiLuku 8

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But Jesus went to the Mount of Olives.

At dawn he came again to the temple, and all the people came to him. He sat down and began to teach them.

Then the scribes and the Pharisees brought in a woman caught in adultery. They made her stand in front of everyone

and said to him, to test him, "Teacher, this woman was caught in the very act of adultery.

In the law Moses commanded us to stone such women. So what do you say?"

They said this to trap him, so that they would have grounds to accuse him. But Jesus bent down and wrote with his finger in the dirt, paying them no attention.

When they kept pressing him, he straightened up and said to them, "Let the one among you who is without sin be the first to throw a stone at her."

And again he bent down and wrote in the dirt.

When they heard this, convicted by their own conscience, they went away one by one, beginning with the oldest. Jesus was left alone, with the woman still standing there.

Jesus straightened up, and seeing no one but the woman, he said to her, "Where are they, those accusers of yours? Has no one condemned you?"

"No one, sir," she said. Then Jesus said, "Neither do I condemn you. Go, and sin no more."

Again Jesus spoke to them: "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness but will have the light of life."

So the Pharisees said to him, "You are testifying about yourself. Your testimony is not true."

Jesus answered them, "Even if I do testify about myself, my testimony is true, because I know where I came from and where I am going. But you do not know where I come from or where I am going.

You judge by human standards; I judge no one.

And even if I do judge, my judgment is valid, because I am not alone: I and the Father who sent me.

In your own law it is written that the testimony of two people is valid.

I testify about myself, and the Father who sent me testifies about me."

So they asked him, "Where is your father?" Jesus answered, "You know neither me nor my Father. If you knew me, you would know my Father also."

He spoke these words in the treasury while teaching in the temple, and no one arrested him, because his hour had not yet come.

Again he said to them, "I am going away, and you will look for me, but you will die in your sin. Where I am going, you cannot come."

So the Jews said, "Is he going to kill himself? Is that why he says, 'Where I am going, you cannot come'?"

He said to them, "You are from below; I am from above. You are of this world; I am not of this world.

That is why I told you that you will die in your sins. For unless you believe that I am he, you will die in your sins."

So they asked him, "Who are you?" Jesus said to them, "Just what I have been telling you from the beginning.

I have much to say about you, and to judge, but the one who sent me is true, and what I have heard from him I declare to the world."

They did not understand that he was speaking to them about the Father.

So Jesus said, "When you have lifted up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he, and that I do nothing on my own, but speak only what the Father has taught me.

And the one who sent me is with me. He has not left me alone, for I always do what pleases him."

As he was saying these things, many believed in him.

So Jesus said to the Jews who had believed him, "If you remain in my word, you are truly my disciples,

and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free."

They answered him, "We are Abraham's descendants, and we have never been anyone's slaves. How can you say, 'You will become free'?"

Jesus answered them, "Truly, truly, I tell you: everyone who commits sin is a slave of sin.

A slave does not remain in the household forever; a son remains forever.

So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed.

I know you are Abraham's descendants. Yet you are trying to kill me, because my word finds no room in you.

I speak of what I have seen with my Father; you do what you have heard from your father."

"Our father is Abraham," they answered. Jesus said to them, "If you were Abraham's children, you would be doing the works of Abraham.

But as it is, you are trying to kill me, a man who has told you the truth that I heard from God. Abraham did nothing like that.

You are doing the works of your own father." They said to him, "We were not born of sexual immorality. We have one Father: God."

Jesus said to them, "If God were your Father, you would love me, for I came from God and am here. I have not come on my own; he sent me.

Why do you not understand what I say? Because you cannot bear to hear my word.

You are of your father the devil, and you want to do what your father desires. He was a murderer from the beginning, and he has never stood in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks out of his own nature, for he is a liar and the father of lies.

But because I tell the truth, you do not believe me.

Which of you can convict me of sin? If I am telling the truth, why do you not believe me?

Whoever is from God listens to the words of God. This is why you do not listen: you are not from God."

The Jews answered him, "Aren't we right in saying that you are a Samaritan and have a demon?"

Jesus answered, "I do not have a demon. I honor my Father, and you dishonor me.

I am not seeking glory for myself. There is one who seeks it, and he is the judge.

Truly, truly, I tell you: whoever keeps my word will never see death."

The Jews said to him, "Now we know you have a demon. Abraham died, and so did the prophets, yet you say that whoever keeps your word will never taste death.

Are you greater than our father Abraham, who died? The prophets died too. Who do you make yourself out to be?"

Jesus answered, "If I glorify myself, my glory means nothing. It is my Father who glorifies me, the one of whom you say, 'He is our God'—

and you have not known him, but I know him. If I said I did not know him, I would be a liar like you. But I do know him, and I keep his word.

Your father Abraham rejoiced that he would see my day; he saw it and was glad."

So the Jews said to him, "You are not yet fifty years old, and you have seen Abraham?"

Jesus said to them, "Truly, truly, I tell you: before Abraham was, I am."

At that they picked up stones to throw at him, but Jesus hid himself and slipped out of the temple.

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Luku 8

Main Theme: Jesus reveals himself as the light of the world and the eternal "I am," leading to a confrontation with the Jewish leaders.

Content: The chapter opens with the story of the woman caught in adultery, where Jesus challenges her accusers with the words, "Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her" (v.7). Jesus proclaims himself as the light of the world and teaches that the truth will set you free (v.32). In an intense debate with the Jewish leaders, Jesus reveals his divine identity with the words, "Before Abraham was born, I am" (v.58). This leads them to seek to stone him, but Jesus hides himself and leaves the temple.

Key Words/Images:

Light of the world (τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου): Jesus declares himself as the light that gives life and guides people away from darkness (v.12).
The truth will set you free: Whoever remains in Jesus' word will know the truth that frees them from slavery to sin (v.31-36).
"I am" (ἐγὼ εἰμί): Jesus' use of the divine name demonstrates his eternal existence and unity with the Father (v.24, 28, 58).
Children of Abraham: Jesus challenges the claim of spiritual kinship with Abraham and points out that true belonging is shown through faith and deeds (v.39-44).

Historiallinen konteksti

Historical and Cultural Context for John 8

Places

The Mount of Olives (τὸ ὄρος τῶν Ἐλαιῶν) is mentioned in verse 1 as the place where Jesus went at night. This mountain east of Jerusalem was known as a place for prayer and retreat, and carried messianic associations based on Zechariah 14:4.

The Temple and the Treasury (τὸ γαζοφυλακίον) in verse 20 refers to a specific area within the temple complex. The treasury was located in the Court of Women, where thirteen trumpet-shaped collection chests were placed for various offerings. This was a public and heavily visited area, which underscores the boldness of Jesus' teaching.

Events and Customs

The Woman Caught in Adultery (vv. 3–11): This pericope (Pericope Adulterae) is absent from the earliest Greek manuscripts and is textually disputed, as reflected in the markings in the Greek text. The event raises several legal questions: According to the Mosaic Law (Leviticus 20:10; Deuteronomy 22:22–24), both the man and the woman were to be punished for adultery, yet only the woman is brought forward here. Under Jewish law, the death penalty by stoning required that the witnesses themselves cast the first stones (Deuteronomy 17:7). During Roman occupation, the Sanhedrin had lost the right to carry out capital punishment in most cases, creating the legal dilemma the Pharisees tried to trap Jesus with.

The Feast of Tabernacles as Background: The context from chapter 7 places this event during the Feast of Tabernacles. During the feast, four large lampstands were lit in the Court of Women, and the light was so bright that it illuminated much of Jerusalem. When Jesus declares "I am the light of the world" (v. 12), he directly plays on this visual symbolism that his listeners had just experienced.

Key Terms

"Ἐγώ εἰμι" (I Am) appears repeatedly in this chapter (vv. 24, 28, 58) and carries special theological weight. In verse 58 – "πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι ἐγὼ εἰμί" – the expression is used absolutely, without a predicate. This echoes God's self-revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:14 (LXX: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν). The listeners' reaction – seizing stones for blasphemy (v. 59) – shows that they understood the implication.

"Abraham's offspring" (σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ) in verses 33–41 touches on a central identity marker for the Jewish people. The Jews were proud of their physical and spiritual kinship with Abraham, which guaranteed their place in the covenant. Jesus challenges this by distinguishing between physical descent and spiritual likeness to Abraham.

"Samaritan" (Σαμαρίτης) as an insult in verse 48 implied accusations of religious error and dubious origin. In this context, it may also suggest that Jesus, being a Galilean, was not a "true" Israelite, or that his teaching deviated from orthodox Jewish theology.

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