God's unity and uniqueness

The Hebrew word for "one" in the Shema is 'echad' (אחד). In rabbinic tradition, there is discussion over whether 'echad' denotes an absolute unity or a composite unity. This distinction has become central to the theological dialogue between Judaism and Christianity, especially regarding the doctrine of the Trinity.

In Jewish liturgy, the Shema (Deut 6:4–9) is regarded as the most important confession of faith and is recited morning and evening. Tradition holds that the believer should cover their eyes with their hand while reciting the first verse to strengthen concentration on God's unity.