EcclésiasteChapitre 7

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A good name is better than fine perfume, and the day of death than the day of birth.

Better to go to a house of mourning than to a house of feasting, for death is the end of everyone, and the living should take it to heart.

Sorrow is better than laughter, for a sad face is good for the heart.

The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning, but the heart of fools is in the house of pleasure.

Better to hear the rebuke of the wise than to listen to the song of fools.

For like the crackling of thorns under a pot, so is the laughter of fools. This too is vanity.

Extortion makes a wise man foolish, and a bribe corrupts the heart.

Better the end of a matter than its beginning; better patience of spirit than pride of spirit.

Do not let your spirit be quick to anger, for anger settles in the lap of fools.

Do not ask, "Why were the old days better than these?" It is not from wisdom that you ask this.

Wisdom is good along with an inheritance, an advantage to those who see the sun.

For wisdom is a shelter as money is a shelter, but the gain of knowledge is this: wisdom preserves the life of the one who has it.

Consider the work of God: who can straighten what he has made crooked?

In the day of prosperity be glad, and in the day of adversity consider: God has made the one as well as the other, so that no one can find out anything about what comes after.

In my fleeting days I have seen it all: a righteous man perishing in his righteousness, and a wicked man living long in his wickedness.

Do not be excessively righteous, and do not make yourself overly wise. Why destroy yourself?

Do not be excessively wicked, and do not be a fool. Why die before your time?

It is good to grasp the one and not let go of the other, for whoever fears God will come through with both.

Wisdom makes the wise man stronger than ten rulers in a city.

Surely there is no one on earth so righteous that he does good and never sins.

Do not take to heart every word people say, or you may hear your servant cursing you.

For your own heart knows how many times you yourself have cursed others.

All this I tested with wisdom. I said, "I will be wise"—but it was far from me.

Whatever exists is far off and deep, very deep. Who can discover it?

I turned my heart to know and explore and seek out wisdom and the reason of things, and to know that wickedness is folly and that folly is madness.

And I find more bitter than death the woman who is a snare, whose heart is a net and whose hands are chains. The one who pleases God escapes her, but the sinner she captures.

See, this is what I found, says the Preacher, adding one thing to another to find the sum:

What my soul kept searching for I did not find: one man among a thousand I found, but a woman among all these I did not find.

This alone I found: God made mankind upright, but they have gone in search of many schemes.

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Résumé2

Chapitre 7

Main Theme: Practical wisdom about life's realities, the value and limitations of wisdom, and the human condition.

Content: The chapter contains a series of wise sayings that contrast what is good with what is bad—a good name is better than good oil; sorrow is better than laughter. The Preacher emphasizes that God has created both good days and bad days, and that humans cannot fully understand His work. He warns against excessive righteousness or wickedness, acknowledging that no one is without sin. Finally, he concludes that God made humanity upright, but they have sought many schemes.

Key Words/Images:

Good name (שֵׁם טוֹב): A good reputation has lasting value, unlike fleeting pleasures.
Sorrow and laughter: Sorrow and seriousness lead to deeper insight than superficial joy.
The limits of wisdom: Wisdom is distant and deep—humans cannot fully comprehend existence.
God's sovereignty: God has made everything, even the crooked parts, and humans cannot change it.
Human uprightness: God created humanity straight, but they have chosen their own paths.

Contexte historique

Events and Customs

The chapter opens with a reference to the "house of mourning" (בֵּית־אֵבֶל, bet evel) in contrast to the "house of feasting" (בֵּית מִשְׁתֶּה, bet mishteh). In ancient Israel, mourning rituals were extensive community events where relatives and neighbors gathered to comfort the bereaved. The Preacher considers participation in such mourning more valuable for the soul than festive gatherings, because it confronts people with the transience of life.

Verse 6 uses a wordplay that is lost in translation: "thornbushes" (סִּירִים, sirim) under the "pot" (סִּיר, sir). Thornbushes produced a quick, crackling flame that died out rapidly – an image of something superficial and short-lived.

Key Concepts

The Hebrew word עֹשֶׁק (osheq) in verse 7, translated as "oppression" or "extortion", describes economic and social abuse of power that could corrupt even wise people. The term מַתָּנָה (mattanah, "gift") in the same verse may refer to bribery, but this interpretation is debated – it could also mean that oppression destroys a wise person’s natural gifts or judgment.

The expression "fear of God" (יְרֵא אֱלֹהִים, yere elohim) in verse 18 does not describe terror, but rather reverence and respect that leads to ethical living. The one who fears God navigates between extremes – neither excessive piety nor moral decay.

Verse 27 contains the unusual feminine form קֹהֶלֶת (Qohelet), where the Preacher refers to himself directly. This is one of the few places in the book where the author clearly steps forward as speaker.

Chapter-Specific Findings

The Preacher’s observation in verse 19 that wisdom gives more strength than "ten rulers in a city" reflects the form of government in many ancient cities. Archaeological and textual sources from the Persian and Hellenistic periods show that cities were often governed by councils composed of prominent citizens – often ten or another fixed number of elders. This system is attested both in Phoenician cities and in Jewish communities after the exile, where local councils held considerable authority under foreign rule.

Personnages

Aucun personnage connu dans ce chapitre.

Mots-clés8

Preacher — Author of the book of Ecclesiastes, believed to be King Solomon, who shares his wisdom and reflections on the meaning of life.
Vanity — A central theme in the book of Ecclesiastes, used to describe the futility and transience of human endeavors and worldly pleasures.
Time — Another important theme in the book, emphasizing that there is a time for everything under heaven and that God has appointed a time for every purpose.
Wisdom — The ability to understand and apply knowledge in a way that leads to good choices and actions. The Preacher values wisdom but also recognizes its limitations.
Work — Human effort and activity aimed at achieving a goal. The Preacher reflects on the meaning of work and its outcomes, both positive and negative.
Pleasure — Enjoyment and joy that people seek in life. The Preacher explores the value of pleasure and its place in the search for life's meaning.
Fear of God — Respect and awe toward God, regarded as the foundation of a meaningful life and wisdom. The Preacher recommends fearing God and keeping His commandments.
Judgment — God's just evaluation and assessment of human actions. The Preacher reminds us that God will judge everything, both good and evil.