JeanChapitre 14

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"Do not let your hearts be troubled. Trust in God, and trust in me.

In my Father's house there are many rooms. If it were not so, would I have told you that I am going to prepare a place for you?

And when I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to myself, so that where I am, you may be also.

You know the way to the place where I am going."

Thomas said to him, "Lord, we do not know where you are going. How can we know the way?"

Jesus said to him, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.

If you had known me, you would have known my Father also. From now on you do know him, and you have seen him.

Philip said to him, "Lord, show us the Father, and that will be enough for us."

Jesus said to him, "Have I been with you all this time, Philip, and you still do not know me? Whoever has seen me has seen the Father. How can you say, 'Show us the Father'?

Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father is in me? The words I speak to you I do not speak on my own; it is the Father, living in me, who is doing his works.

Believe me when I say that I am in the Father and the Father is in me; or else believe on account of the works themselves.

I tell you the truth: whoever believes in me will do the works I am doing, and will do even greater things than these, because I am going to the Father.

And whatever you ask in my name, I will do, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son.

If you ask me anything in my name, I will do it.

If you love me, you will keep my commandments.

And I will ask the Father, and he will give you another Advocate to be with you forever—

the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he remains with you and will be in you.

I will not leave you as orphans; I am coming to you.

In a little while the world will see me no longer, but you will see me. Because I live, you also will live.

On that day you will know that I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you.

Whoever holds to my commandments and keeps them is the one who loves me. And the one who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I too will love him and show myself to him."

Judas—not Judas Iscariot—said to him, "Lord, why is it that you intend to show yourself to us and not to the world?"

Jesus answered him, "If anyone loves me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our home with him.

Whoever does not love me does not keep my words. And the word you hear is not mine but the Father's who sent me.

"I have told you these things while I am still with you.

But the Advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and remind you of everything I have said to you.

Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled, and do not be afraid.

You heard me say, 'I am going away, and I am coming back to you.' If you loved me, you would rejoice that I am going to the Father, for the Father is greater than I.

I have told you now, before it happens, so that when it does happen you will believe.

I will not speak with you much longer, for the ruler of this world is coming. He has no claim on me,

but this is so the world may know that I love the Father and that I do exactly as the Father has commanded me. Get up; let us go from here.

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Résumé2

Chapitre 14

Main Theme: Jesus comforts his disciples before his departure by revealing himself as the way to the Father and promising the coming of the Holy Spirit.

Content: Jesus prepares his disciples for his leaving by assuring them that he is going to prepare a place for them in the Father's house. In response to questions from Thomas and Philip, he reveals his unity with the Father: "I am the way, the truth, and the life." He promises to send the Advocate (παράκλητος), the Spirit of Truth, who will be with them forever and teach them all things. Jesus links love for him with obedience to his commands, and concludes by giving them his peace.

Key Words/Images:

The Father's house (μοναί): The many rooms symbolize the eternal dwelling that Jesus is preparing for his followers.
The way, the truth, and the life: Jesus' threefold self-revelation as the only access to the Father.
The Advocate (παράκλητος): The Holy Spirit who will guide, teach, and remind the disciples of Jesus' words.
Jesus' peace (εἰρήνη): An inner peace that is qualitatively different from what the world can give.

Contexte historique

Historical and Cultural Context for John 14

People

Thomas (v. 5) appears here as the disciple who dares to ask the direct question that the others may also be thinking. His question about the way reveals a literal understanding typical of the dialogues in the Gospel of John.

Philip (vv. 8–9) receives a gentle rebuke from Jesus. His request to see the Father reflects a Jewish longing for a theophany, similar to Moses' desire in Exodus 33:18. Jesus' response – "Τοσούτῳ χρόνῳ μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰμι" (so long a time I have been with you) – emphasizes that the time spent together should have been sufficient to understand his relationship with the Father.

Judas, not Iscariot (v. 22) is likely identical to "Thaddaeus" or "Lebbeus" in the synoptic lists of apostles. John specifies "οὐχ ὁ Ἰσκαριώτης" (not Iscariot) to distinguish him from the traitor who had left the room earlier that evening (13:30). His question reflects the widespread Jewish expectation of a Messiah who would reveal himself to the whole world in power and glory.

Events and Customs

The chapter takes place during the last meal, which in John's chronology occurs on the evening before Passover (cf. 13:1; 18:28). The intimate setting with reclining at the table created an atmosphere for deep conversation. Jesus uses this setting for his longest continuous teaching in the Gospel.

The expression "ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ πατρός μου" (in my Father's house, v. 2) with "many rooms" (μοναὶ πολλαί) may have evoked associations with the temple, which is also called "my Father's house" in John 2:16. At the same time, Jewish apocalyptic literature used the image of heavenly dwellings for the righteous. Jesus combines familiar images in a new way.

Key Terms

Παράκλητος (parakletos, vv. 16, 26) is a central term that is difficult to translate with a single word. The term comes from legal language and denotes one who is called to someone's side to help – an advocate, spokesperson, or defender. In v. 16, Jesus calls the Spirit "another παράκλητος," implying that Jesus himself has been the first. In the Gospel of John, the term is used only in the farewell discourse (14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7), while 1 John 2:1 uses it to refer to Jesus himself. The Holy Spirit is presented as the one who will continue Jesus' presence and work among the disciples.

Εἰρήνη (eirene, v. 27) corresponds to the Hebrew "shalom" and was the common Jewish greeting. But Jesus clarifies that his peace is qualitatively different from the world's ("not as the world gives"). In Jewish thought, shalom included not only the absence of conflict but complete well-being, harmony, and right relationship with God. Jesus' peace is rooted in the relationship with the Father and remains independent of external circumstances.

Ὁ τοῦ κόσμου ἄρχων (the ruler of this world, v. 30) is a designation for Satan that reflects contemporary Jewish demonology. In intertestamental literature and the Qumran texts, we find similar ideas about an evil spiritual power ruling over the present world. Jesus acknowledges the existence of this power but declares its powerlessness against himself.

Personnages6

God4 Jesus3 Judah1 Philip2 Thomas1 Judas Iscariot1

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Mots-clés

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Chronologie2