JeanChapitre 13

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The Last SupperMMLJ

The institution of the Lord's Supper. John includes the washing of feet.

MatthieuMatt 26:20-30

20When evening came, he reclined at the table with the twelve disciples.

21And while they were eating he said, "Truly I tell you, one of you will betray me."

22Deeply grieved, they began to say to him one after another, "Surely not I, Lord?"

23He answered, "The one who has dipped his hand into the bowl with me will betray me.

24The Son of Man goes as it is written of him, but woe to that man by whom the Son of Man is betrayed. It would have been better for that man if he had never been born."

25Then Judas, the one who was betraying him, spoke up and said, "Surely not I, Rabbi?" Jesus said to him, "You have said it."

26While they were eating, Jesus took bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to the disciples, and said, "Take, eat; this is my body."

27Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, saying, "Drink from it, all of you,

28for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins.

29I tell you, I will not drink again of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom."

30And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

MarcMark 14:17-26

17When evening came, he arrived with the Twelve.

18While they were reclining at table and eating, Jesus said, "Truly I tell you, one of you will betray me—one who is eating with me."

19They began to grieve, and one after another they said to him, "Surely not I?"

20He said to them, "It is one of the Twelve, the one who dips bread into the bowl with me.

21The Son of Man goes as it is written of him, but woe to the man who betrays the Son of Man. It would be better for that man if he had never been born."

22While they were eating, he took bread, and after blessing it he broke it, gave it to them, and said, "Take it; this is my body."

23Then he took a cup, and after giving thanks he gave it to them, and they all drank from it.

24And he said to them, "This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.

25Truly I tell you, I will never again drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it new in the kingdom of God."

26And when they had sung a hymn, they went out to the Mount of Olives.

LucLuke 22:14-23

14When the hour came, he reclined at the table, and the apostles with him.

15And he said to them, "I have longed with all my heart to eat this Passover with you before I suffer.

16For I tell you, I will not eat it again until it finds its fulfillment in the kingdom of God."

17Then he took a cup, gave thanks, and said, "Take this and share it among yourselves.

18For I tell you, from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes."

19And he took bread, gave thanks, broke it, and gave it to them, saying, "This is my body, given for you. Do this in remembrance of me."

20In the same way, after the supper he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood, which is poured out for you.

21But look — the hand of the one who is betraying me is with me at this table.

22For the Son of Man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom he is betrayed."

23And they began to question among themselves which of them it could possibly be who was going to do this.

Jean(du leser)

1Before the Passover festival, Jesus knew that his hour had come to leave this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the very end.

2During supper, the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas, son of Simon Iscariot, to betray him.

3Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he had come from God and was going back to God,

4rose from the meal, laid aside his outer garments, took a towel, and tied it around his waist.

5Then he poured water into a basin and began to wash the disciples' feet, drying them with the towel he had around him.

6He came to Simon Peter, who said to him, "Lord, are you going to wash my feet?"

7Jesus answered him, "Right now you do not understand what I am doing, but later you will understand."

8Peter said to him, "You shall never wash my feet." Jesus answered, "Unless I wash you, you have no share with me."

9Simon Peter said to him, "Lord, then not only my feet, but my hands and my head as well!"

10Jesus said to him, "Anyone who has bathed needs only to wash his feet; his whole body is clean. And you are clean—though not all of you."

11For he knew who was going to betray him; that is why he said, "Not all of you are clean."

12When he had washed their feet, he put on his garments again, took his place at the table, and said to them, "Do you understand what I have done for you?

13You call me Teacher and Lord, and you are right, for that is what I am.

14So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet.

15I have given you an example, so that you also should do as I have done for you.

16Truly, truly, I tell you: no servant is greater than his master, and no messenger is greater than the one who sent him.

17If you know these things, you are blessed when you do them.

18I am not speaking of all of you. I know the ones I have chosen. But the Scripture must be fulfilled: 'The one who eats my bread has lifted his heel against me.'

19I am telling you now, before it happens, so that when it does happen you may believe that I am he.

20Truly, truly, I tell you: whoever receives anyone I send receives me, and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me."

21After saying this, Jesus was troubled in spirit and testified, "Truly, truly, I tell you: one of you will betray me."

22The disciples looked at one another, at a loss to know which of them he meant.

23Reclining next to Jesus was one of his disciples, the one whom Jesus loved.

24Simon Peter motioned to him to ask who it was he meant.

25So he leaned back against Jesus and asked him, "Lord, who is it?"

26Jesus answered, "It is the one to whom I give this piece of bread when I have dipped it." Then he dipped the bread and gave it to Judas, son of Simon Iscariot.

27As soon as Judas took the bread, Satan entered into him. Jesus said to him, "Do quickly what you are going to do."

28No one at the table understood why he said this to him.

29Since Judas kept the money box, some thought Jesus was telling him, "Buy what we need for the festival," or that he should give something to the poor.

30So Judas took the bread and went out at once. And it was night.

Before the Passover festival, Jesus knew that his hour had come to leave this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the very end.

During supper, the devil had already put it into the heart of Judas, son of Simon Iscariot, to betray him.

Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he had come from God and was going back to God,

rose from the meal, laid aside his outer garments, took a towel, and tied it around his waist.

Then he poured water into a basin and began to wash the disciples' feet, drying them with the towel he had around him.

He came to Simon Peter, who said to him, "Lord, are you going to wash my feet?"

Jesus answered him, "Right now you do not understand what I am doing, but later you will understand."

Peter said to him, "You shall never wash my feet." Jesus answered, "Unless I wash you, you have no share with me."

Simon Peter said to him, "Lord, then not only my feet, but my hands and my head as well!"

Jesus said to him, "Anyone who has bathed needs only to wash his feet; his whole body is clean. And you are clean—though not all of you."

For he knew who was going to betray him; that is why he said, "Not all of you are clean."

When he had washed their feet, he put on his garments again, took his place at the table, and said to them, "Do you understand what I have done for you?

You call me Teacher and Lord, and you are right, for that is what I am.

So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet.

I have given you an example, so that you also should do as I have done for you.

Truly, truly, I tell you: no servant is greater than his master, and no messenger is greater than the one who sent him.

If you know these things, you are blessed when you do them.

I am not speaking of all of you. I know the ones I have chosen. But the Scripture must be fulfilled: 'The one who eats my bread has lifted his heel against me.'

I am telling you now, before it happens, so that when it does happen you may believe that I am he.

Truly, truly, I tell you: whoever receives anyone I send receives me, and whoever receives me receives the one who sent me."

After saying this, Jesus was troubled in spirit and testified, "Truly, truly, I tell you: one of you will betray me."

The disciples looked at one another, at a loss to know which of them he meant.

Reclining next to Jesus was one of his disciples, the one whom Jesus loved.

Simon Peter motioned to him to ask who it was he meant.

So he leaned back against Jesus and asked him, "Lord, who is it?"

Jesus answered, "It is the one to whom I give this piece of bread when I have dipped it." Then he dipped the bread and gave it to Judas, son of Simon Iscariot.

As soon as Judas took the bread, Satan entered into him. Jesus said to him, "Do quickly what you are going to do."

No one at the table understood why he said this to him.

Since Judas kept the money box, some thought Jesus was telling him, "Buy what we need for the festival," or that he should give something to the poor.

So Judas took the bread and went out at once. And it was night.

When he had gone, Jesus said, "Now the Son of Man has been glorified, and God has been glorified in him.

If God is glorified in him, God will also glorify him in himself—and will glorify him at once.

Little children, I am with you only a little longer. You will look for me, and as I told the Jews, so I tell you now: where I am going, you cannot come.

A new commandment I give you: love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another.

By this everyone will know that you are my disciples—if you have love for one another."

Simon Peter said to him, "Lord, where are you going?" Jesus answered, "Where I am going you cannot follow me now, but you will follow later."

Peter said, "Lord, why can't I follow you now? I will lay down my life for you."

Jesus answered, "You will lay down your life for me? Truly, truly, I tell you: before the rooster crows, you will deny me three times."

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Résumé2

Chapitre 13

Main Theme: Jesus demonstrates serving love through foot washing and gives the disciples a new command to love one another.

Content: During the Passover meal, Jesus washes the disciples’ feet as an example of humble service, despite Peter’s objections. Jesus reveals that one of them will betray him, and after Judas receives the piece of bread, Satan enters him and he goes out into the night. Jesus then gives the new command about mutual love as a mark of discipleship, and predicts that Peter will deny him three times.

Key Words/Images:

Foot Washing: Jesus’ radical example of humble service—the Lord serves his disciples.
The New Commandment: To love one another just as Jesus has loved them, as a sign of discipleship.
The Piece of Bread (ψωμίον): Identifies the betrayer and marks the moment Satan enters Judas.
"It was night": A symbolic expression of the spiritual darkness that follows Judas’ betrayal.

Contexte historique

Historical and Cultural Context for John 13

People

Judas Iscariot is specifically mentioned as "Judas, son of Simon Iscariot" (Ἰούδας Σίμωνος Ἰσκαριώτου, v. 2, 26). The nickname "Iscariot" has been interpreted in various ways: it may derive from the Hebrew ish Kerioth ("man from Kerioth"), a town in Judea, which would make him the only non-Galilean disciple. Others have linked the name to sicarii (dagger-men), a group of Jewish rebels, but this interpretation is more uncertain. The fact that Judas was responsible for the money bag (γλωσσόκομον, v. 29) shows he held a trusted position within the group.

The disciple whom Jesus loved (v. 23) is introduced here for the first time in the Gospel with this designation. This anonymous figure, traditionally identified as John, was "reclining at Jesus’ side" (ἐν τῷ κόλπῳ)—an honored position at the meal that indicated special closeness to the host.

Events and Customs

Foot washing was a necessary practice in antiquity due to dusty roads and open sandals. Normally, this task was performed by the lowest-ranking slave in the household, often a non-Jewish servant. Jewish slaves were usually exempt from this duty because it was considered especially degrading. When Jesus performs this act, he radically breaks with social conventions—a rabbi and master doing the work of a slave. Peter’s reaction (v. 6–8) reflects the shock at this overturning of hierarchy.

The meal and reclining posture are described with the verb ἀνακείμενος (v. 23, 28), indicating that participants were lying down at the table in Greco-Roman style, supported on their left elbow with feet stretched out behind them. This explains how "the disciple whom Jesus loved" could lean against Jesus’ chest and how Jesus could reach the disciples’ feet. This dining custom was adopted from Greek-Roman culture and used on festive occasions.

Dipping a piece of bread (τὸ ψωμίον, v. 26) and handing it to a guest was a sign of honor and hospitality at Jewish meals. By giving this to Judas, Jesus highlights the irony and tragedy of the betrayal—he receives an honor token at the very moment his treachery is revealed.

Key Terms

"Before the Feast of Passover" (Πρὸ τῆς ἑορτῆς τοῦ πάσχα, v. 1) places the meal in relation to Passover. John’s chronology appears to differ from that of the Synoptics, where this is the actual Passover meal. In John’s account, Jesus is crucified at the same time the Passover lambs are being slaughtered in the temple, underscoring his role as "the Lamb of God."

"He who eats my bread has lifted his heel against me" (v. 18) quotes Psalm 41:10 and uses the image of someone lifting a heel against another—an image of treacherous attack by one whom you trusted, someone who shared your meal.

"Little children" (τεκνία, v. 33) is an affectionate term of address used only here by Jesus in the Gospels. The word otherwise appears frequently in 1 John. It marks an intimate tone that characterizes the farewell discourse beginning in this chapter.

"A new commandment" (ἐντολὴν καινήν, v. 34)—the command to love one another was not new in itself (cf. Lev 19:18), but Jesus gives it new content by making his own love the standard: "as I have loved you."

Personnages6

God3 Jesus (Mary's son)1 Jesus13 Judah3 Peter8 Ba'al-Zebub1

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Mots-clés

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Chronologie2