Matteuksen evankeliumiLuku 7

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The Golden RuleML

Do to others what you would have them do to you.

Matteuksen evankeliumi(du leser)

12So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you; for this is the Law and the Prophets.

Luukkaan evankeliumiLuke 6:31

31Do to others as you would have them do to you.

The Two BuildersML

The conclusion of the Sermon on the Mount/Sermon on the Plain.

Matteuksen evankeliumi(du leser)

24Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock.

25The rain came down, the rivers rose, the winds blew and beat against that house, and it did not fall, because its foundation was on the rock.

26But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not act on them will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand.

27The rain came down, the rivers rose, the winds blew and struck that house, and it fell with a great crash."

Luukkaan evankeliumiLuke 6:47-49

47Everyone who comes to me and hears my words and acts on them—I will show you what he is like.

48He is like a man building a house, who dug deep and laid the foundation on rock. When the flood came, the river burst against that house but could not shake it, because it was well built.

49But the one who hears and does not act is like a man who built his house on the ground without a foundation. The river burst against it, and it collapsed at once, and the ruin of that house was great.

"Do not judge, so that you will not be judged.

For with the judgment you use to judge, you will be judged; and with the measure you use to measure, it will be measured to you.

Why do you look at the speck in your brother's eye and pay no attention to the beam in your own?

Or how can you say to your brother, 'Let me take the speck out of your eye,' when all the while there is a beam in your own eye?

You hypocrite! First take the beam out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly enough to take the speck out of your brother's eye.

Do not give what is holy to dogs, and do not throw your pearls in front of pigs. They will only trample them underfoot, then turn and tear you to pieces.

Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and the door will be opened to you.

For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks the door will be opened.

Which of you, if your son asks you for bread, would hand him a stone?

Or if he asks for a fish, would hand him a snake?

So if you, evil as you are, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your Father in heaven give good things to those who ask him!

So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you; for this is the Law and the Prophets.

Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the road that leads to destruction, and many go through it.

But narrow is the gate and hard is the road that leads to life, and few find it.

Beware of false prophets. They come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravenous wolves.

You will recognize them by their fruit. Are grapes gathered from thornbushes, or figs from thistles?

In the same way, every good tree bears good fruit, but a rotten tree bears bad fruit.

A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a rotten tree cannot bear good fruit.

Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire.

So then, you will recognize them by their fruit.

Not everyone who says to me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven, but the one who does the will of my Father in heaven.

On that day many will say to me, 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and drive out demons in your name, and perform many miracles in your name?'

Then I will tell them plainly, 'I never knew you. Away from me, you who practice lawlessness.'

Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and acts on them will be like a wise man who built his house on the rock.

The rain came down, the rivers rose, the winds blew and beat against that house, and it did not fall, because its foundation was on the rock.

But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not act on them will be like a foolish man who built his house on the sand.

The rain came down, the rivers rose, the winds blew and struck that house, and it fell with a great crash."

When Jesus had finished saying these words, the crowds were astounded at his teaching,

because he taught them as one who had authority, and not as their scribes.

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Luku 7

Main Theme: Jesus concludes the Sermon on the Mount with an exhortation to right living, sound judgment, and obedience to his words.

Content: Jesus warns against hypocritical judging and encourages self-examination before correcting others. He promises answers to prayer from the heavenly Father and gives the Golden Rule as a summary of the Law and the Prophets. The chapter contrasts two paths (narrow and wide), two types of trees (good and bad), and two builders (wise and foolish). Jesus warns against false prophets and emphasizes that entry into God's kingdom requires obedience to God's will, not merely confession.

Key Words/Images:

The speck and the plank: Illustrates hypocrisy in criticizing others' small faults while ignoring one's own great sins.
The narrow gate: Symbolizes the demanding path to eternal life that few find, as opposed to the wide road to destruction.
The tree and its fruit: Shows that people are known by their deeds, just as a tree is known by its fruit.
The house on rock and sand: Illustrates the difference between hearing and doing Jesus' words (a solid foundation) versus merely hearing (an unstable foundation).

Historiallinen konteksti

Events and Customs

The chapter mentions "on that day" (ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ, v. 22) as a reference to the future day of judgment. This concept was deeply rooted in Jewish eschatology and alludes to "the day of the Lord" known from the prophets (Amos 5:18-20; Joel 2:1). In this context, prophecy, exorcism, and miracles performed "in Jesus’ name" are mentioned—practices that were familiar in the religious landscape of Jesus’ time. Both Jewish and Hellenistic circles knew of exorcists and miracle workers who claimed divine authority.

The conclusion of the chapter describes the crowd’s reaction to Jesus’ teaching, where he is compared with "the scribes" (οἱ γραμματεῖς, v. 29). The scribes were experts in the Torah who traditionally taught by citing earlier authorities in a chain of tradition. That Jesus taught "as one having authority" (ὡς ἐξουσίαν ἔχων) suggests that he spoke directly and independently, without relying on rabbinic precedents.

Key Terms

The word ὑποκριτής (hypokrites, v. 5) comes from the world of theater and originally denoted an actor who used a mask. In a religious context, it acquired the meaning "one who plays a role" or "hypocrite"—someone who displays outward piety without inner truth. The expression κάρφος (splinter) versus δοκός (beam, vv. 3-5) uses deliberate exaggeration typical of Semitic rhetorical style to underscore the absurdity of self-deception.

The formulation ὁ νόμος καὶ οἱ προφῆται (the Law and the Prophets, v. 12) was a standard designation for the Hebrew Bible. The "golden rule" that Jesus formulates positively here existed in negative form with Rabbi Hillel: "What you hate, do not do to your neighbor" (b. Shabbat 31a).

The expression ψευδοπροφῆται (false prophets, v. 15) had strong resonance from the Old Testament (Jer 23:16; Ezek 13:1-16). The image of "wolves in sheep’s clothing" alluded to pastoral experiences that were widely known in the region.

Chapter-Specific Matters

The parable of the two builders (vv. 24-27) reflects real construction conditions in the Palestinian landscape. Archaeological investigations of houses from this period show that solid foundation on rock was crucial for a building’s durability. Winter storms in the region could cause sudden water accumulation in wadis (dry riverbeds), which quickly eroded sandy ground and weak foundations. Many houses were built on rocky slopes where people cut directly into the rock to create a stable base—a practice documented archaeologically in cities such as Capernaum and Nazareth.

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