JérémieChapitre 16

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The word of the LORD came to me:

You shall not take a wife, and you shall have no sons or daughters in this place.

For this is what the LORD says concerning the sons and daughters born in this place, concerning the mothers who bear them and the fathers who father them in this land:

They will die of deadly diseases. No one will mourn for them or bury them; they will lie like dung on the ground. They will perish by sword and famine, and their corpses will become food for the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth.

For this is what the LORD says: Do not enter a house where there is mourning; do not go to lament or console them. For I have withdrawn my peace from this people, declares the LORD—my steadfast love and my mercy.

Both great and small will die in this land. They will not be buried, and no one will mourn for them or cut himself or shave his head for them.

No one will break bread for the mourner to comfort him for the dead, nor give him the cup of consolation to drink for his father or his mother.

And do not enter a house where there is feasting, to sit with them and eat and drink.

For this is what the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, says: Before your very eyes and in your days I will silence in this place the sound of joy and gladness, the voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride.

When you tell this people all these words, they will ask you, "Why has the LORD decreed all this great disaster against us? What is our guilt? What sin have we committed against the LORD our God?"

Then say to them: Because your fathers abandoned me, declares the LORD, and followed other gods, served them and bowed down to them—they abandoned me and did not keep my law.

And you have done worse than your fathers. Look how each of you follows the stubbornness of his evil heart instead of listening to me.

So I will hurl you out of this land into a land neither you nor your fathers have known, and there you will serve other gods day and night, for I will show you no favor.

Therefore the days are coming, declares the LORD, when it will no longer be said, "As surely as the LORD lives, who brought the people of Israel up out of the land of Egypt,"

but rather, "As surely as the LORD lives, who brought the people of Israel up out of the land of the north and out of all the lands where he had driven them." For I will bring them back to their own land, which I gave to their fathers.

Look, I am sending for many fishermen, declares the LORD, and they will catch them. After that I will send for many hunters, and they will hunt them down on every mountain and hill and out of the clefts of the rocks.

For my eyes are on all their ways. They are not hidden from me, and their guilt is not concealed from my sight.

First I will repay them double for their guilt and their sin, because they have defiled my land with the carcasses of their vile idols and have filled my inheritance with their abominations.

O LORD, my strength and my stronghold, my refuge in the day of trouble, to you the nations will come from the ends of the earth and say: "Our fathers inherited nothing but lies, worthless idols of no benefit at all."

Can a man make gods for himself? Such are no gods at all!

Therefore I will make them know—this time I will make them know my hand and my might—and they will know that my name is the LORD.

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Résumé2

Chapitre 16

Main Theme: God announces judgment over Judah because of idolatry, but promises a future restoration that surpasses the exodus from Egypt.

Content: God forbids Jeremiah to marry or attend houses of mourning and feasting as a sign of the coming disaster. The people will die by disease, sword, and famine without burial. The reason is that they have abandoned God and served foreign gods—worse than their ancestors did. God will send "fishers" and "hunters" to catch them, for no one can hide from His eyes. Nevertheless, God promises a future return from the north, and nations will recognize the emptiness of idols.

Key Words/Images:

Fishers and Hunters (v.16): A picture of God's judgment reaching everyone; no one can flee or hide.
Prohibition on Mourning (vv.5–7): Jeremiah is not allowed to attend funerals—symbolizing that God has removed His peace, grace, and mercy.
Hardness of Heart (v.12): The people follow the stubbornness of their evil hearts and refuse to listen to God.
New Exodus (vv.14–15): The future return will overshadow the exodus from Egypt as God's great act of salvation.

Contexte historique

Historical and Cultural Context for Jeremiah 16

Events and Customs

Marzēaḥ – The House of Mourning (v. 5)

The Hebrew term bêt marzēaḥ (בֵּית מַרְזֵחַ) refers to an institution well known in the ancient Near East. A marzēaḥ was a religious-social community that organized ritualized mourning meals and funeral ceremonies. Ugaritic texts from the 14th–13th centuries BCE describe the marzēaḥ as gatherings featuring food, wine, and lamentations honoring the dead. In an Israelite context, such ceremonies could carry pagan overtones, which may explain why God forbids Jeremiah from participating.

Mourning Customs (vv. 6–7)

The chapter mentions several mourning practices: gashing oneself (יִתְגֹּדַד) and shaving the head (יִקָּרֵחַ). Both customs were widespread in Canaan and surrounding cultures as expressions of intense grief over the dead. The Mosaic Law forbade Israelites from doing such things (Lev 19:28; Deut 14:1), yet the practice was clearly still common. Breaking bread for mourners and offering them "the cup of comfort" (כּוֹס תַּנְחוּמִים, v. 7) were legitimate Israelite customs in which the community supported the bereaved with food and drink during their period of mourning.

Wedding Celebrations (v. 9)

"The voice of the bridegroom and the voice of the bride" (קוֹל חָתָן וְקוֹל כַּלָּה) was a fixed expression for life’s normal joys and the continuation of society. Wedding feasts in ancient Israel were major social events that could last up to seven days. The absence of these sounds symbolized complete societal collapse—a theme Jeremiah repeats throughout his book.

Key Concepts

Jeremiah’s Forced Celibacy (v. 2)

God’s command that Jeremiah must not marry or have children is unique in the Old Testament. In a culture where marriage and descendants were central to identity, social status, and religious blessing, this was a radical sign. The prophet’s childlessness became a living message: it was pointless to bring children into a land doomed to destruction.

"I will cast them out" – wᵉhēṭaltî (וְהֵטַלְתִּי, v. 13)

The Hebrew verb suggests a violent action, such as hurling something away. This imagery emphasizes that the exile will not be a peaceful relocation but a brutal expulsion. That they shall "serve other gods day and night" in exile implies an ironic punishment: those who chose idolatry in their own land must now live among peoples where such worship is forced upon them.

Fishers and Hunters (v. 16)

The images of fishers (דַיָּגִים) and hunters (צַיָּדִים) describe God’s coming judgment. Fishers drawing nets through the water and hunters searching every mountain region and cleft illustrate that no one can escape. This is likely a reference to the Babylonian armies who will systematically gather the people for deportation.

Archaeological Findings

Excavations at Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra in Syria) have uncovered texts describing the marzēaḥ institution in detail, including lists of members and rules for gatherings. These findings confirm that the practice mentioned in Jeremiah 16:5 was a well-established cultural institution in the region. Inscriptions from Samaria and other Israelite sites also testify to the existence of the marzēaḥ in Israel, providing important background for understanding the prohibition God gives the prophet.

Personnages

Aucun personnage connu dans ce chapitre.

Mots-clés10

Prophecy — A prediction or revelation from God about future events, often communicated through a prophet.
Jeremiah — A prophet in the Old Testament who delivered God's message to the people of Israel and warned them of the consequences of their sins.
Sin — An action, thought, or attitude that breaks with God's will and moral law.
Punishment — Consequences or suffering resulting from sin, often imposed by God to correct injustice and encourage repentance.
Repentance — A change of heart and mind that leads a person to turn away from sin and seek forgiveness and reconciliation with God.
Land — In this context, it refers to the nation of Israel and its territory.
Captivity — The state of being taken captive and held under compulsion, often as punishment for the people of Israel for their disobedience to God.
The Lord's hand — An expression symbolizing God's power and authority over human destiny and history.
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