PsaumesChapitre 142

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A maskil of David, when he was in the cave. A prayer.

With my voice I cry out to the LORD; with my voice I plead with the LORD for mercy.

I pour out my complaint before him; before him I tell my trouble.

When my spirit grows faint within me, you know my path. On the road where I walk they have hidden a trap for me.

Look to my right and see: no one recognizes me. Refuge has perished from me; no one cares for my life.

I cry out to you, LORD; I say, "You are my refuge, my portion in the land of the living."

Listen to my cry, for I am brought very low. Rescue me from those who pursue me, for they are too strong for me.

Bring my soul out of prison, that I may give thanks to your name. The righteous will gather around me, for you will deal bountifully with me.

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Résumé2

Chapitre 142

Main Theme: A lament in which David, in deep distress, cries out to God as his only refuge and asks for deliverance.

Content: The psalm was written when David was in a cave, surrounded by enemies and completely isolated. He pours out his complaint to the Lord and acknowledges that no one else cares about him. David confesses God as his refuge and his portion in the land of the living, and prays to be led out of his "prison" so that he may praise God's name together with the righteous.

Key Words/Images:

Cave (מְעָרָה): The concrete situation of hiding and distress that forms the backdrop for the prayer.
Refuge (מַחְסִי): God as David's only safe place of shelter when everyone else has failed him.
Prison (מַסְגֵּר): A picture of the desperate situation from which David seeks deliverance.
My portion (חֶלְקִי): An expression that God is David's inheritance and highest good in the land of the living.

Contexte historique

Context for Psalms 142

Historical Background

The heading places this psalm in a specific historical situation: "When he was in the cave" (בִּהְיוֹתוֹ בַמְּעָרָה). This likely refers to one of two events from David's flight from King Saul: the cave at Adullam (1 Samuel 22:1) or the cave at En-Gedi (1 Samuel 24:1–4). At Adullam, David gathered a group of about 400 men who were in distress or burdened by debt, while the event at En-Gedi was where David spared Saul's life. Both situations represent periods when David was hunted and isolated, which aligns well with the psalm's content regarding persecution and lack of refuge.

Locations

The heading mentions "the cave" (בַמְּעָרָה), which likely refers to either the cave at Adullam in the Shephelah region or the cave at En-Gedi on the western shore of the Dead Sea. Both are located in the rugged Judean hill country, known for its limestone caves that provided shelter for fugitives.

Key Terms

The word מַשְׂכִּיל (maskil) in the heading denotes a specific type of wisdom psalm or skillfully crafted poem, possibly with an instructional purpose. Its meaning is debated, but it may indicate a psalm that calls for reflection or insight.

The expression מַסְגֵּר (masger) in verse 8, translated as "prison" or "enclosure," is used metaphorically to describe the cave as a prison. The word is otherwise used for actual prisons and creates a powerful contrast between the physical cave and the spiritual freedom the psalmist seeks.

הַבֵּיט יָמִין ("look to the right") in verse 5 reflects a cultural notion where the protector or defender stood on the right side of the one being guarded. When David looks to the right and finds no one, this expresses total abandonment by human help.

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Mots-clés7

Lament — A form of expression in which one voices distress, sorrow, or suffering.
Lord — A title used to refer to God as the supreme authority and protector.
Ear — Symbolizes God’s attentiveness and ability to hear prayers and laments.
Cry — A strong expression of distress, often used to ask for help or intervention from God.
Refuge — A place or person that offers protection, safety, and support in difficult times.
Prisoner — A person who is captured, confined, or oppressed, either physically or spiritually.
Freedom — The absence of restrictions, oppression, or control; the ability to act, think, and choose freely.