PsaumesChapitre 57

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For the choirmaster. To the tune of "Do Not Destroy." A miktam of David, when he fled from Saul into the cave.

Have mercy on me, O God, have mercy on me, for in you my soul takes refuge. In the shadow of your wings I will take refuge until the destroying storms pass by.

I call to God Most High, to God who fulfills his purpose for me.

He sends from heaven and saves me; he rebukes the one who tramples me. Selah. God sends out his steadfast love and his faithfulness.

My soul lies down among lions; I lie among those who breathe out fire, men whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongues are a sharp sword.

Be exalted above the heavens, O God; let your glory be over all the earth.

They spread a net for my feet; my soul was bowed down. They dug a pit before me, but they have fallen into it themselves. Selah.

My heart is steadfast, O God, my heart is steadfast; I will sing and make music.

Awake, my glory! Awake, harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn.

I will praise you among the peoples, O Lord; I will sing your praise among the nations.

For your steadfast love is great to the heavens, your faithfulness to the clouds.

Be exalted above the heavens, O God; let your glory be over all the earth.

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Résumé2

Chapitre 57

Main Theme: A prayer for protection and praise of God’s faithfulness amid mortal danger.

Content: David, hiding from Saul in a cave, seeks refuge under God’s wings until the danger passes. He describes his enemies as lions with teeth like spears and tongues like sharp swords, yet trusts that God will send His mercy and faithfulness from heaven. The enemies themselves fall into the grave they dug for David. With a steadfast heart, he praises God among the nations and declares that God’s love reaches to the heavens.

Key Words/Images:

Shadow of wings: A picture of God’s protection and refuge in times of danger.
Lions and weapons: The enemies are described as predators with teeth like spears and tongues like swords—expressions of deadly peril.
Net and grave: The trap set by the enemy into which they themselves fall—demonstrating God’s righteous intervention.
Steadfast heart: David’s unshakable trust in God as the foundation for praise.
God’s mercy to the heavens: God’s love and faithfulness are boundless, extending over all creation.

Contexte historique

Historical and Cultural Context for Psalms 57

Events and Customs

The heading places this psalm in a dramatic episode from David’s life: "when he fled from Saul and was in the cave." This likely refers to the events described in 1 Samuel 22:1 (the cave at Adullam) or 1 Samuel 24:1–4 (the cave at En-Gedi), where David hid while King Saul actively sought to kill him. The Judean wilderness contains many such caves that served as refuges throughout antiquity. The cave at En-Gedi is located on the western shore of the Dead Sea in a rocky desert landscape that provided natural protection from pursuers.

Key Terms

The expression "al-tasjḥet" (אַל־תַּשְׁחֵת, "do not destroy") in the heading is a liturgical or musical instruction also found in Psalms 58, 59, and 75. Its meaning is debated but may refer to a well-known melody or a prayer formula. Some scholars connect it with Isaiah 65:8, where the expression is used regarding sparing clusters of grapes for the sake of wine.

The image of seeking refuge "in the shadow of your wings" (בְּצֵל־כְּנָפֶיךָ) in verse 2 draws from the protective behavior of birds but also carries cultic resonance: the cherubim in the tabernacle and later in the temple had wings that overshadowed the ark of the covenant (Exodus 25:20). This imagery conveys both divine care and the safety found within the sanctuary.

The musical instruments mentioned in verse 9—"harp and lyre" (נֵבֶל וְכִנּוֹר)—are well documented in ancient Israel. The kinnor (כִּנּוֹר) was a smaller, lyre-like instrument, while the nevel (נֵבֶל) was larger and produced a deeper sound.

Personnages2

David1 Saul1

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Mots-clés8

Mercy — God's grace and care, expressed through his forgiveness and love for humanity.
Refuge — A safe place or protection, often used metaphorically to describe God's protection and support.
Shadow — An image representing protection and closeness; in this context, it refers to God's presence and care.
Heaven — The spiritual realm where God dwells, as well as the physical sky above the earth.
Glory — God's greatness, honor, and power, shown through his creation and actions.
Praise — A form of musical prayer or poetry expressing gratitude, worship, and reverence to God.
Enemies — Persons or forces that oppose or threaten believers, often used metaphorically for evil and sin.
Righteousness — God's moral perfection and just standard, which he calls his followers to imitate.